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英媒:特朗普臨下台再次玩退群 撕毀開放天空條約讓美國好幾任前總統努力白費 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

英媒:特朗普臨下台再次玩退群 撕毀開放天空條約讓美國好幾任前總統努力白費

英媒:特朗普臨下台再次玩退群 撕毀開放天空條約讓美國好幾任前總統努力白費
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多个国家对美国的这一行动表示失望,不是该协议缔约国的中国也表示遗憾。

《开放天空协议》让30多个协议国之间展开非武装侦察飞行

英国广播公司BBC报道,中国外交部发言人赵立坚在23日的记者会上说:“美国此举损害相关国家间的军事互信和透明,不利于维护有关地区的安全与稳定,对国际军控与裁军进程也将产生消极影响。”

1992年3月24日签署的《开放天空条约》允许每个缔约国在提前72小时通知对方后对他国全境进行非武装侦察飞行,以收集有关军事力量和活动的数据。用于飞行任务的观察飞机必须配备传感器,使观察方能够识别重要的军事装备,如火炮、战斗机和装甲战车。

虽然卫星可以提供同样的、甚至更详细的信息,但并不是所有条约缔约国都有这种卫星侦察能力。 该条约的目的还在于使缔约国之间互相飞越侦察,建立缔约国之间的信任和彼此熟悉。

这一条约最早始于1955年7月。时任美国总统艾森豪威尔首次提议美国和苏联允许在对方领土上空进行侦察飞行。莫斯科当时以如此飞行侦察将被用于广泛的间谍活动为由,拒绝了艾森豪威尔的提议。

1989年5月,美国总统乔治·布什总统重提这一想法,苏联最高领导人戈尔巴乔夫态度有所松动,以美国为首的北约(NATO)国家和苏联为首的华沙条约国家在1990年2月开始首轮谈判。

1992年3月24日,俄罗斯作为苏联继承人与各国在芬兰赫尔辛基签定了《开放天空条约》。虽然美国、英国等北约国家和波罗的海国家议会很快批准了这一条约,但俄罗斯国家杜马等到普京上台后才终于批准这一条约,使其在2002年1月1日生效。

根据条约,每个缔约国每年都有义务接受一定数量的侦察,称为被侦察配额。每个缔约国也都有权对前来侦察的任何其他缔约国进行同等数量的侦察。

条约允许多个缔约国共同参加侦察飞行。对每个参加的缔约国来说,这次侦察将被算作一次主动侦察配额。然而,无论有多少个缔约国参加侦察行动,对被侦察的缔约国而言,这只算被侦察配额中的一次。

俄罗斯在2002年8月首次进行侦察飞行,而美国则在2002年12月第一次正式侦察飞行。在2002年至2019年间,各缔约国侦察飞行已经累计超过了1500次。

有观察人士认为,对像美国这样有卫星侦察技术的国家而言,《开放天空协议》的象征意义大于实际意义。然而,无论是否有卫星侦察技术,受到协议保护的名正言顺的相互侦察,既避免了秘密侦察可能造成的紧张,又能显示各自的军事透明,有助于消除敌意、避免误判,减少军事冲突的风险。因此,这一协议被视为国际军备控制架构中重要组成部分。

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