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14億客流,4039億利潤,爲什麽還說”養不起”中國高鐵? – 有海水的地方就有中國人

14億客流,4039億利潤,爲什麽還說”養不起”中國高鐵?

14億客流,4039億利潤,爲什麽還說”養不起”中國高鐵?
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14亿客流,4039亿利润,为什么还"养不起"中国高铁?

高尔基曾说:”只有用集体的力量才能够解释那直到现在还是不能超越的神话和史诗的深刻的美。”2020年伊始,世界笼罩在巨大的危机与恐惧之中。一个名叫新型冠状病毒的幽灵在上空盘旋,人们的生命财产安全受到了巨大的威胁,政治动荡,经济承受着巨大的损失。

在世界各国之中,中国承受的经济损失是超乎想象的。短短几个月的时间,中国各个企业亏损情况十分严重,有的甚至濒临倒闭。私营企业如此,大型国有企业也无法逃脱这样的命运。

14亿客流,4039亿利润,为什么还"养不起"中国高铁?

相关数据显示,中石油亏损数额将近300亿,中石化也损失228亿。能源领域情况严峻,交通领域也不容乐观,中国国家铁路集团有限公司赫然在列。

高铁的困境

国家铁路集团公布的财务报告显示,公司在2020年上半年净收入为4039亿,或许在某些人看来,这样的数额已经相当乐观,然而相较于去年,国家铁路集团收益已经减少了1242亿,累计亏损955亿。

作为势力强大的中央企业,国家铁路集团如今的情况令人震惊。大部分人认为,疫情期间人们出行次数减少,因此集团的收入也呈现断崖式的下跌。然而事实并非如此,人流量较少只是国家铁路集团承受巨额损失的一个方面,目前国家铁路集团面临众多困境,这也是它呈现疲软态势的最主要原因。

14亿客流,4039亿利润,为什么还"养不起"中国高铁?

首先,国家铁路集团主要负责高铁的运营,然而高铁是一个投资众多,回报较慢的项目。今年中国投入3259亿元用于高铁项目的开发与维护,相较于去年增加了39亿元,目前高铁项目的投资远远超过了预定数值。

尽管高铁项目投入力度大,资金回笼却十分缓慢,受到疫情影响,中国铁路客运量大大降低,整个高铁运营网在相当长的一段时间之内都呈现完全瘫痪的状态。收入微乎其微,高铁的维修与保养的支出费用却很高,国家铁路集团入不敷出的状态也在意料之中。

其次,高铁拥有一个庞大的运行网络,其关系错综复杂。中国高铁以质量与速度闻名世界,有着众多的司机与乘务人员,因此中国高铁的投入成本极高,海外高铁建设仅为中国高铁建设成本的高铁的1/3。

14亿客流,4039亿利润,为什么还"养不起"中国高铁?

目前中国高铁的成本为1.5亿每公里,也就是说,如果想要建设一条1000公里的高铁,我们至少需要投入1000亿元。高铁亏损已经如此严重,投入成本也无边无际,为什么中国还要花费如此巨额的财富维持它的建设与运行呢?

中国速度,中国力量

于中国而言,中国高铁的意义重大,尽管中国高铁有利有弊,最终结果却是利大于弊。从跟跑到并跑再到领跑,中国高铁经过了十几年的发展取得的成就世界瞩目,目前中国的高铁在世界究竟处于何种地位?

曾几何时,中国在高铁领域受到西方国家的技术牵制,如今的高铁是毋庸置疑的中国产物。高铁复兴号,中国制造的标准达到80%,是真正意义上的中国制造。如今的高铁并不是人们无法触碰的出行方式,它价格亲民,却给人们带来了极大的便利。

14亿客流,4039亿利润,为什么还"养不起"中国高铁?

舒适、安全、效率高,中国高铁不仅深受我国国民的喜爱,更成为世界青睐的交通方式。中国与第三世界的国家大力发展合作,高铁也成为发展友好关系的武器。

一方面,中国高铁四纵四横的版图已经确立,这一战略实现了整个中国交通网的联动。

2017年10月,中国高铁的运营里程已经达到2.6万,占据世界高铁运营总里程的65%。与此同时,中国还在加快高铁网络的建设,我们预测,2025年,中国高铁运营里程将达到4万公里,于众多国家来说,这样的目标是可望而不可即的。

14亿客流,4039亿利润,为什么还"养不起"中国高铁?

另一方面,中国高铁保有量为2700列,单日运行量4500次,位居世界首位。世界上拥有高铁的国家为23个,而存量最多的就是法国,为477辆。中国境外高铁保有量为2500列,也就是说,目前中国的高铁保有量占据世界的一半以上。

受人口基数与高铁建设水平的影响,中国高铁客流量为世界之最。2016年,中国高铁旅客发送量高达14.7亿,平均每天超过400万旅客乘坐高铁出行。于中国而言,高铁的繁盛是必然的,14亿的中国人民就是其巨大需求量的后盾。

高铁未来

尽管目前国家铁路集团存在着极大的亏损,我们依旧对其充满信心。一方面,国家铁路集团的亏损只是暂时的。进入新时代以来,中国高铁迅猛发展,其发展迅速也决定了中国高铁存在着众多问题。

14亿客流,4039亿利润,为什么还"养不起"中国高铁?

目前投资与维护成本使国家铁路集团呈现亏损的状态,但中国高铁前景明朗。众多国家纷纷向中国提出高铁合作请求,我国的高铁订单急速增长。与此同时,中国的14亿人为高铁需求量提供源源不断的动力。

另一方面,高铁的出现是历史发展的必然结果。常言道:要致富先修路,一个地区便捷的交通是这个区域发展的前提。中国高铁速度快、分布范围广、运载量大,是促进中国经济发展的重要武器。

中国地大物博,各个地区之间的经济发展存在着极大的不平衡性,高铁是先富代替后富战略的重要实施者。从长远的角度来看,中国高铁依旧任重而道远,建立不同地区之间的经济联系、实现交通循环……

14亿客流,4039亿利润,为什么还"养不起"中国高铁?

最后,高铁是促进经济发展的重要措施,对加强文化交流同样意义重大。目前中国有14亿人口,各个地区之间的人口流动极为频繁。从一个地区到另一个地区,不同文化之间的沟通、交往频繁,文化融合进一步加深,促进区域协调发展,这是中国长久以来的目标。

人们常说:国家铁路集团出现955亿的亏损,其前景或许并不明朗。中国有着14亿的庞大人口,如此巨大的需求量都无法养活它?事实证明,目前国家铁路集团面临的所有困难都是暂时的,中国亏损955亿,然而高铁未来创造的经济效益却远远不及955亿。中国高铁的未来,依旧充满着无限的可能。

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