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人走茶不涼?美海軍誓言完成500艦隊計劃,每年多燒1000億 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

人走茶不涼?美海軍誓言完成500艦隊計劃,每年多燒1000億

人走茶不涼?美海軍誓言完成500艦隊計劃,每年多燒1000億
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图为”里根”号航母(CVN 76)与”好人理查德”号(LHD 6)两栖攻击舰编队航行的资料图,后者已经成为了”烤人理查德”号,恐怕难以再出海了。(图/DVIDS)

据美国《军事新闻网站》(Military.com)报道,美国海军不顾高层人事变动,坚持特朗普政府提出的”大建战舰”政策。特朗普在执政末期,执意进行五角大楼高层大换血,用国家反恐中心主任米勒撤换下任职仅不到1年前的埃斯珀,并且还有多名文职高层也同样得到撤换。但美国海军高层官员却表示,前任国防部长埃斯珀留下的重要遗产——”2045战斗部队”计划(俗称:500舰队计划),仍将持续推进,完全没有人亡政息的问题。

美国海军海上系统司令部指挥官William Galinis表示,目前无任何迹象证实,该计划将束之高阁,”目前仍未有任何变化。未来将着重在观察情况如何发展,但现阶段该计划完全没有任何变动。” 之所以如此,William Galinis也给出了理由,称:”2045战斗部队”计划的基本想定与需求,都符合对现今世界军情现状的判断,因此并不存在终止的问题,而是要考虑如何完成该计划的问题。

“2045战斗部队”计划是由没有海军背景的前国防部长埃斯珀于2019年提出来的,其核心思想就是到2045年,美国海军将保持一支由500艘有人舰艇和无人舰艇组成的庞大海军舰队,这一数量几乎是目前美国海军舰艇总数的近2倍。之所以如此大规模的扩充海军舰艇数量,是为了应对俄罗斯和其他海军实力快速增强国家的来自海上的挑战。

在美国看来,这些国家海军实力的快速增长,将使得美国海军陷入一种疲于奔命、分身乏术的窘境。因此,为了维持在美国亚太等地区的存在感,吓阻竞争对手,有必要通过极大地扩充美国海军的数量规模,从而避免因舰艇数量不足、捉襟见肘,而无法应对这些挑战。

原任国防部长埃斯珀,并没有海军背景,而是陆军部长出身。他提出相关海军扩充计划,说明美国军事高层已经清醒地认识到,海军能力的高低对于美国国防的重要性。

图为操演中的美航母”华盛顿”号(CVN 73)。(图/DVIDS)

虽然统一了认识,但是要想落实这一计划却难如登天。美国两党攻诘造成的政策摇摆、造舰所需要的天量预算、日益萎缩的美国造船能力、衰落中的海军的维修能力,以及昂贵的后勤补给等问题,都远较高层大换血更容易让该计划胎死腹中。

俗话说”巧妇难为无米之炊”,美国海军陆战队前战争策划部门官员伍德指出,”2045战斗部队”将使海军造舰预算每年增加40%,美国现有的国防预算,远远不能满足”2045战斗部队”所需资金,这笔钱要从何而来?

退役海军上校麦格拉斯也认为,想打造500艘舰艇的大舰队,每年需花费较现有预算多出1000亿美元的造船经费,这就意味着需要取得国会大力支持。而国会里两党,有几个人现在会支持这样庞大的预算?

另一个大难题是,美国目前仅有7个造船厂能建造大型军舰,且每个造船厂都仅负责建造特定类型的舰艇。因此美国造船能力,远远无法满足快速批量造舰的需求。所需要的资源、预算、技工等都是一个头痛的问题,所需花费更是天文数字。另外,由于造舰和维修都是由同一个船厂负责,如果产能更多用于造舰,则对现有舰艇的中修、大修工作,都会带来严重负面影响。

例如,美国海军”博伊西”号核潜艇,早在5年前就已经进入纽波特纽斯造船厂,准备进行大修,但直到今年9月21日,该艇才终于等到干坞维修的机会,按照计划,该艇要到2023年才能重返舰队。这一过程长达8年之久,也算开了一个纪录了。

另外,即便届时实现了500舰的目标,还需要相应的维修保养能力、高水平训练,最重要的是有充足的人力适配!显然军方高层目前,根本不打算好好考虑这一点。巨大的造舰计划意味着巨大的预算,这才是目前状态甚不佳的美国海军,最迫切希望得到的!

因此,”2045战斗部队”虽然够宏大,但要实现它并不容易。

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