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中國有望什麽時候成為發達國家?為什麽美國總說我們是發達國家? – 有海水的地方就有中國人

中國有望什麽時候成為發達國家?為什麽美國總說我們是發達國家?

中國有望什麽時候成為發達國家?為什麽美國總說我們是發達國家?
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成为发达国家可以说是世界各国发展的目标和努力的方向了,毕竟有哪个国家不想过上好日子呢!不过,发达国家的门槛不是一般的高,目前在全球200多个国家和地区中,获得广泛认可的发达国家只有二三十个!美国、日本、英国、法国、德国等大家耳熟能详的国家都是发达国家。而发展中国家则占据了全球80%以上,其中,我国就是全球最大的发展中国家。说到这,想必大家最关注的还是:中国有望什么时候成为发达国家?

这里先了解下,发达国家的标准是什么?其实,最简单的衡量标准就是人均GDP,通常以2万美元作为分界线,除此之外,还有工业化水平、科技水平等衡量指标。也就是说,单纯的有钱是不够的。比如沙特、阿联酋、卡塔尔等中东产油国富得流油,人均GDP早已超过2万美元,但它们都不算发达国家,这是因为它们依靠出口石油等资源获得了较高的人均GDP,而本身产业结构比较单一,工业化水平低。以沙特为例,该国石油收入就占据了财政收入的70%以上,贡献了超40%的GDP,石油产业对沙特经济发展的影响之大可想而知了。

那么,中国有望什么时候成为发达国家?首先,最关键的还是在于人均GDP是否能达到2万美元这个分界线。根据国家统计局数据,2019年我国人均GDP10276美元。这也就意味着,中国需要保持稳定的增长,人均GDP再翻一翻才能进入发达国家的讨论门槛。

在此之前,中国还不得不面对一个坎——中等收入陷阱。 这是一个经济社会现象,国际上普遍认为,人均GDP达到1万美元之后是一个魔障,在这个数字面前,大多数发展中国家都败下阵来。据世界银行的一项调查显示,从1960年到2008年间,全球101个中等收入国家和地区中,只有韩国、日本等13个成功发展为高收入经济体。而其他大多数国家都陷入了经济增长缓慢的困境。这是为什么呢?分析来看:

经济结构过于单一是原因之一。比如巴西,其经济发展对大宗商品过度依赖。数据显示,巴西大宗商品的出口占到了总出口额的50%左右。更悲哀的是,巴西还走上了主动”去工业化”的道路,到2017年,巴西工业在GDP中比重已经下降到21%。可以说,是巴西自废武功,坐拥丰富的资源,却将一副好牌打成烂牌。

而缺少技术创新又是另一个重要原因。比如马来西亚,在步入中等收入国家行列后,其人力资本、土地资源等低成本优势会逐步丧失,因此在低端市场难以与低等收入国家竞争。而在中高端市场由于缺少技术创新,又难以与高等收入国家抗衡,所以经济发展一直停留在原有水平。

与巴西、马来西亚等国不同,中国不存在产业结构单一的问题,实际上,中国是世界上唯一一个建立全产业链的国家。另外,我国对技术创新也是十分重视的,2019年,中国研发支出就高达2.17万亿元,位居世界第二;而创新指数排名世界第14,高于不少发达国家。

可以说,中国有能力迈过中等收入陷阱。按照世界银行2019年的标准,高收入国家的门槛是12536美元,我国人均GDP已站上万美元台阶,有分析指出,下一个五年计划,中国就可以成为高收入国家行列。

说到这,就不难看出,如果中国跨过中等收入陷阱,成为发达国家最大阻碍就在于人均GDP是否能达到发达国家门槛。因为从前面的分析来看,工业化水平、科技水平等发达国家的衡量指标,可以说中国都不差。

经过几十年的发展,中国积累了强大的规模优势,什么高大上的产品,什么价值连城的专利,只要被我们吃透了,就能迅速做成白菜价,让发达国家再也无法收智商税,所以中国就有了“发达国家粉碎机”这一称号。这也就不难理解为什么美国总说我们是发达国家,目的不过是要“使用一切手段”剥夺中国在WTO享有的发展中国家的特殊与差别待遇及最惠国待遇等,而且近年来还对中国发动科技摩擦,大肆打压华为等中国科技企业。

不过,不管美国如何围堵打压,恐怕也不会遏制中国的发展势头。本月初官方发布的《建议》提到,到2035年,中国人均GDP将达到中等发达国家水平。对此,日媒甚至将“中国力争2035年成中等发达国家”作为头条要闻推送。

基于此,对于中国有望什么时候成为发达国家,想必大家心中有数了。

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