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疫情下的美國經濟:金融巨頭賺錢卻裁員 白領也遭殃 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

疫情下的美國經濟:金融巨頭賺錢卻裁員 白領也遭殃

疫情下的美國經濟:金融巨頭賺錢卻裁員 白領也遭殃
2,467

美国劳工部公布当地时间12日数据显示,在截至11月7日一周中,美国首次申请失业救济人数为70.9万,较前一周数据有小幅下降,且略好于市场73.5万的预期。尽管这一数据在近期来出现缓和态势,但首次申领失业救济人数居高不下,体现出美国失业问题依然严峻,就业市场的复苏也相对乏力。

近期美国新冠疫情形势出现严重恶化,11月9日,全美感染人数突破了1000万的大关,近日来单日新增确诊人数一度超过10万,甚至接近20万的幅度。随着流感季和年底节日的到来,美国公共卫生专家预测美国将迎来“黑暗的十二月”,这无疑会为就业市场本就乏力的复苏再度蒙上阴影,甚至有行业分析人士担忧失业人数下降的趋势会遭到逆转。

但美国的失业问题不仅在于宏观数字。长久未能缓和的形势,对不同圈层的人群带来了更为细分,也更加根本性的创伤。尽管低技能工种和低收入群体更容易遭到冲击,但《华尔街日报》曾针对美国中产阶级在疫情中面临的财务困境展开过调查,发现新冠疫情正在快速地迫使大量美国中产家庭下滑为贫困户。

有难同当:金融巨头大规模裁员、降薪

在疫情初期,大部分金融公司曾发表声明称不会裁员,表达了“会和雇员共渡难关”的态度。因为金融公司办公方式的天然优势,大部分雇员即使在最艰难的时期,仍得以居家远程办公。然而自进入秋冬季以来,其中一些公司却一改之前的态度开始大幅裁员、降薪。

北美观察丨疫情下的美国经济:金融巨头赚钱却裁员 白领也遭殃

△《福布斯》发表文章《公司并不在乎你:指望公司展现忠诚的日子已经结束了!》,直指部分金融公司违背承诺在疫情期间抛弃员工

《福布斯》搜集整理了违背承诺并大规模裁员的金融公司,包括但不限于:7月9日富国银行宣布裁员700人,并表示有计划进一步裁掉上万名员工,同时原定的涨薪计划也被宣告搁置;9月14日花旗集团宣布裁员1%,旨在向美国境内的低价劳动力地区转移以节省成本;9月30日高盛集团宣布裁员400人。此外嘉信理财在10月27日也宣布将裁员1000人。

该文章指出,一众金融公司之所以在疫情初期给予不裁员的承诺,是因为预计疫情会很快过去,所以展现“共渡难关”的姿态,以建立公司的良好形象。然而随着美国抗疫工作不断受挫,金融公司普遍意识到没有必要再假装仁慈了。就像舆论普遍认为的那样,金融公司是不会放弃任何削减成本增加利润的机会的。

有福独享:一众银行财报亮眼、利润颇丰

北美观察丨疫情下的美国经济:金融巨头赚钱却裁员 白领也遭殃

△《纽约时报》发表文章《华尔街和中小实体的财务状况呈相反趋势》称,在不景气的大环境下,金融行业仍维持高利润

金融专家和银行高管们纷纷表示,在美联储向市场注入大量流动性时,华尔街成为了最大受益者。银行在申请大量利率为0的贷款用于交易和购买低价资产的同时,中小企业只能苦苦等待这笔钱慢慢流向下沉市场。

另一方面,此前预测可能会出现的大面积信贷违约现象也没有出现。当中小企业和个人拿到亟需的补助后,一般在第一时间都用来补交了此前的贷款,这笔钱又进一步回流到各大商业银行。

美国中产阶级日子不好过

尽管低收入群体在疫情中受到的冲击最大,然而在办公室中工作的白领们一旦失业,其抗风险能力往往更小。《华尔街日报》曾针对美国中产阶级在疫情中面临的财务困境展开过调查,发现新冠疫情正在快速地迫使大量美国中产家庭下滑为贫困户。

北美观察丨疫情下的美国经济:金融巨头赚钱却裁员 白领也遭殃

△《华尔街日报》发表文章,探讨了美国中产在疫情中面临的财务困境

文章指出,相比于低收入群体,中产家庭普遍背负着更加沉重的贷款。在失业阶段,每周600美元的失业补助金也许可以帮助低收入群体渡过难关,但是同样额度的补助对于一个背负着各项贷款的中产家庭来说可能完全帮不上忙。乔治城大学教育和劳动力部门主任安东尼·卡尔内瓦莱称这种“一刀切”的补助方式对于中产家庭来说是“赤裸裸的羞辱”。

另一方面,由于白领们的平均年龄远大于低收入群体,其在失业后往往更难找到下一份工作。就业市场上的年轻人因为更加具有活力而倍收青睐,相反大龄求职者往往技能单一,从而在竞争中落入下风。同时,曾经的高薪可能会给求职者带来心理落差,从而更加降低了他们找工作的积极性,这也是他们在劳动力市场面临的另一个难题。

疫情大大加深了美国富豪和中产阶级之间的经济鸿沟。金融巨头毫不费力地享受着高额收益,而美国中产家庭却不得不承受疫情、失业带来的双重打击。公司的背信弃义让每一位

雇员都不得不担心自己的未来。这既是美国中产阶级在劳动力市场面临的难题,更是美国失业问题辛酸的写照。

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