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蘋果等四大科技巨頭被指實施壟斷,美眾議院16個月調查揭露了這些 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

蘋果等四大科技巨頭被指實施壟斷,美眾議院16個月調查揭露了這些

蘋果等四大科技巨頭被指實施壟斷,美眾議院16個月調查揭露了這些
2,675

据华尔街日报中文网报道,在经过16个月的调查后,民主党领导的众议院反垄断小组委员会发布报告称,美国最大的几家科技公司已利用自身的优势地位压制竞争、扼杀创新,并呼吁国会考虑强制科技巨头将其占主导地位的在线平台与其他业务分开。

众议院反垄断小组委员会的民主党工作人员在结束了对亚马逊公司、Facebook、Alphabet旗下谷歌、苹果公司市场影响力长达16个月的调查后,于周二发布了这份报告。

Facebook在一份声明中表示,Instagram和WhatsApp达到了成功的新高度,因为Facebook在这些业务上投入了数以十亿美元计的资金。Facebook 称,对Instagram和WhatsApp进行收购时都存在着激烈的竞争格局,现在也是如此。

据《华尔街日报》报道,Facebook正面临美国联邦贸易委员会(FTC)的反垄断调查,该委员会正准备一桩潜在的诉讼。预计谷歌也将成为美国司法部今年秋天将提起的反垄断诉讼的对象。

亚马逊对该报告的结论提出异议。亚马逊在一篇博客文章中表示:“所有大型组织都会吸引监管机构的注意,我们欢迎这种审视。但大公司未必一定占主导地位,认为成功只可能源于反竞争行为的假设是完全错误的。”

谷歌在一份声明中表示,该公司不认可调查结果,称其中“含有来自商业竞争对手的过时和不准确的指控”。

谷歌称:“美国人肯定不希望国会拆散谷歌的产品或损害他们每天使用的免费服务。”

苹果公司对该报告的结果提出异议。苹果公司发言人在声明中称:“我们已经一再宣称审查是合理和恰当的,但我们强烈反对这份工作人员报告中关于苹果公司的那部分结论。”该发言人表示:“苹果公司在所开展的任何业务类别中都未拥有占据主导地位的市场份额。”

民主党的这份报告指出,上述四家公司都实施了垄断,并批评美国反垄断执法机构未能遏制这些公司的主导地位。

报道称,这份长达449页的报告称:“这些公司拥有太大的权力,这种权力必须受到控制,并接受恰当的监督和执法。”报告说道:“我们的经济和民主都面临危险。”

报道还称,该报告概述了国会可以采取的一系列应对措施,包括进行立法以迫使至少部分上述公司将某些占主导地位的在线平台与其他业务分开,以及修改反垄断法来改变这个被认为缺乏强力执法的局面。

报道援引投行Cowen Inc。的分析师Paul Gallant表示:“这份报告可能最终成为反垄断和科技领域的一个转折点。”他说:“这为明年推进立法创造了动力,还可能推动监管机构在知晓自身拥有国会支持的情况下,即使是依据现有法律条文也要提起诉讼。”

报道称,报告得出的结论是,亚马逊拥有凌驾于第三方卖家之上的垄断权,不公正地对待零售合作伙伴,并且不正当地使用第三方数据为其电商平台上的自有品牌产品的销售战略提供情报。

上述委员会的立法提案可能导致亚马逊退出这项业务和其他一些业务,这将是一个重大打击。这家科技巨头已经开发了超过10万个自有品牌产品,并在家用设备领域进行了重大投资,例如Echo扬声器。

今年4月,《华尔街日报》报道称,亚马逊的自有品牌部门员工利用个别第三方数据来开发自己的产品。上述委员会在与亚马逊员工的谈话中也发现了类似行为。

此外,这份报告还披露了谷歌在搜索行业的主导地位,在这一领域,谷歌控制着87%的桌面搜索和99%以上的移动搜索。

该小组委员会将这种现象归因于谷歌每年向苹果和火狐等公司支付数十亿美元的能力,这让谷歌即使在竞争对手的浏览器上也能保持其首选地位。

另外,针对谷歌对其搜索引擎做出调整,将搜索结果直接显示在搜索页面顶部而不再显示传统网络搜索结果的做法,企业很早就有怨言,指责谷歌的做法会导致其他网站流量损失,造成严重打击,众议院小组委员会的最新发现也呼应了这种指责。

一位网站所有者告诉该小组委员会:“仅仅动动手指,谷歌就把我们的原创内容变成了它自己的内容。”

该报告认为,苹果公司能施加垄断影响力,因为该公司控制着面向美国过半移动设备的软件分发,并得以从旗下App Store及服务业务中获得“超乎寻常的利润”。

苹果公司此前曾表示,为了管控用户体验的质量,有必要就针对其设备的移动应用销售设置限制。

关于苹果公司对App Store的控制,该小组委员会给出评估结论时措辞严厉,称这家iPhone生产商利用自身作为守门人的影响力的一些方式,会损害第三方软件开发者的利益,并在自己的设备上偏袒自家的应用。

该报告还对Facebook有关其应用可能永远不能分拆的说法提出质疑。

众议院反垄断小组委员会的共和党人对该报告的政策建议意见不一。一些人认为,美国的反垄断法不需要修改,而另一些人则支持民主党的一些建议。科罗拉多州共和党众议员Ken Buck表示,反垄断法需要更新,但要使用手术刀,而不是链锯,这是非常重要的。返回搜狐,查看更多声明:该文观点仅代表作者本人,搜狐号系信息发布平台,搜狐仅提供信息存储空间服务。

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