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新冠疫情加劇全球不平等,疫苗爭奪加劇,加拿大背棄承諾搶先預訂 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

新冠疫情加劇全球不平等,疫苗爭奪加劇,加拿大背棄承諾搶先預訂

新冠疫情加劇全球不平等,疫苗爭奪加劇,加拿大背棄承諾搶先預訂
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据加拿大媒体报道,随着第二波新冠疫情的到来和随之而来的新一轮封锁,关于接种新冠疫苗的呼声更加强烈。尽管大多数富裕国家都作出了公平分配疫苗的承诺,但这些国家仍在争先预订新冠疫苗。然而,许多国家,特别是最贫穷的国家,并非都有足够的资金购买新冠疫苗。

新冠疫情加剧全球不平等,疫苗争夺加剧,加拿大背弃承诺抢先预订

加拿大在8月初也预订了一批新冠疫苗。尽管此前,加拿大一直把重点放在确保发展中国家获得新冠疫苗上。今年6月,加拿大总理贾斯汀·特鲁多与西班牙、埃塞俄比亚、新西兰和韩国领导人一道,在美国《华盛顿邮报》刊登文章呼吁各国政府关注发展中国家的疫苗需求。

新冠疫情加剧全球不平等,疫苗争夺加剧,加拿大背弃承诺抢先预订

特鲁多政府并没有放弃该目标,它向疫苗联盟捐赠了6亿美元(约40亿人民币)。加拿大还加入了COVAX机制(新冠疫苗全球获得机制),这是世界卫生组织和各种公共和私营组织的一项联合倡议,旨在到2021年公平采购和分配20亿剂抗新冠病毒疫苗。目前已有150多个国家加入,其中包括90多个发展中国家。而美国退出了世卫组织,并拒绝加入COVAX机制。

新冠疫情加剧全球不平等,疫苗争夺加剧,加拿大背弃承诺抢先预订

这项倡议有两个部分。一方面,各国可以通过该机制采购新冠疫苗,以确保获得足够的疫苗,来保护国内在新冠疫情下20%的最脆弱人群,如医务人员。另一方面,富裕国家可以向基金捐款,该基金的款项将用于援助中低收入国家。9月22日,加拿大政府宣布的把4.4亿美元(约30亿人民币),平均分配于为国内购买疫苗和援助基金。

虽然此项财政拨款已公布,但外界仍不清楚疫苗厂商对加拿大政府承诺的疫苗供应规模。自8月初以来,加拿大政府已从以下6家公司中选择了疫苗:阿斯利康(最多2000万剂供应量),赛诺菲/葛兰素史克(最多7200万剂供应量),美国强生(最多3,800万剂供应量),诺瓦瓦克斯最多7,600万剂供应量),辉瑞(至少2000万剂供应量),Moderna(最多5600万剂供应量)。

对于加拿大已预订疫苗一事,其国际发展部长卡丽娜·古尔德的随行人员解释说,加拿大政府仍然坚信有必要确保世界各国能公平获得新冠疫苗,但政府也有责任确保其公民的健康。在美国今年5月达成一项疫苗购买协议,确保美国政府至少获得3亿剂疫苗的消息传出后,加拿大政府也不甘落于人后。而今年6月,德国、法国、意大利和荷兰签署了第一份有关疫苗采购的协议。欧盟已拨出24亿欧元(约190亿人民币)用于提前购买新冠疫苗。

新冠疫情加剧全球不平等,疫苗争夺加剧,加拿大背弃承诺抢先预订

9月中旬,乐施会的一项分析显示,仅占世界人口13%的富裕国家已提前采购了新冠疫苗,这些疫苗正在进行高级临床试验,而且有可能占了全球疫苗厂商承诺剂量51%。

同样在9月中旬,100多名加拿大卫生专家呼吁联邦政府抵制 “疫苗民族主义”。他们说,加拿大政府的提前购买破坏了公平分配疫苗的努力。通过提前预订,富裕国家垄断了第一批疫苗供应,这可能迫使其他国家需要等待更长的时间,来为最脆弱的公民接种疫苗。

渥太华大学当代全球化与平等研究主席罗纳德·拉邦特在加拿大广播公司的广播节目中回顾说,富裕国家之间的竞争“可能会为全球公共卫生付出代价”。他认为,包括加拿大在内的富裕国家应该向COVAX捐赠为本国购买疫苗的等价金额。

虽然和拉邦特的观点一致,加拿大乐施会负责人道主义事务的西哈姆·雷亚莱表示理解,政府希望保护本国公民的想法。她拒绝谈论加拿大政府的做法,但她也认为富裕国家需要做得更多,而且要及时。她说:“最不富裕的人不应该等到2022年才能够接种疫苗。”

无国界医生组织的首席疫苗政策顾问凯特·埃尔德同样表示担心这种情况会发生,并认为几乎所有接受公共研究资金的公司都必须承担责任。她列举这些责任包括定价,数据共享,知识产权等问题。

根据雷亚莱和埃尔德的说法,新冠疫情加剧了全球卫生方面的不平等现象。埃尔德女士感叹,COVAX倡议和双边协议未能解决与获取药物有关的系统性问题。

她认为,衡量各国是否遵守公平分配的承诺,真正考验将在首批疫苗获得批准上市时,谁将是第一个获得疫苗。

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