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為再次領先北鬥,美國發射新一代GPS,結果在升空前2秒被叫停 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

為再次領先北鬥,美國發射新一代GPS,結果在升空前2秒被叫停

為再次領先北鬥,美國發射新一代GPS,結果在升空前2秒被叫停
2,772

据俄媒报道,10月3日,一枚搭载着美军新一代GPS卫星的“猎鹰-9”重型运载火箭升空失败,在发射点火前2秒时突然被叫停。据悉,“猎鹰-9”重型运载火箭原计划于美国东部时间21点43分在佛罗里达州宇航中心发射升空。目前美国太空探索技术公司暂未给出发射任务临时取消的原因,也没有公布下一次发射任务的具体时间。

  报道称,这已经是不到一周的时间内,美国太空探索技术公司第二次临时取消“猎鹰-9”运载火箭的发射任务。此前一次是在10月1日日,当时它携带有Starlink互联网系统的60颗卫星,但由于地面传感器读数出现不规律,点火前18秒取消发射。虽然还不知道此次发射任务被临时取消的原因,但是据外界推测,一方面极有可能是“猎鹰-9”重型运载火箭本身存在的问题。

  当然也有可能是GPS卫星未能完全达到美军的要求,这一点或许与中国的北斗卫星导航定位系统有关。今年6月23日,中国北斗导航定位系统的最后一颗卫星在西昌卫星发射中心成功发射,标着北斗导航定位系统全面组网成功,实现了真正的全球覆盖。由于北斗导航系统具有后发技术优势,其比美国的GPS全球导航定位系统更加先进,精确度也更高。有了北斗导航系统,中国可以彻底摆脱对美国GPS导航系统的依赖。

  为了重新确立对中国北斗导航系统的领先优势,美国于2018年12月开始,对GPS导航系统的现有卫星,进行技术升级和换代。本次“猎鹰-9”重型运载火箭携带的GPS卫星便属于技术升级后的Block III系列,目前已经有三颗该系列的卫星在轨运行,它们分别于2018年12月、2019年8月和2020年6月发射升空。但是后续的几次发射任务不太顺利,以失败告终,极大地影响了美国GPS导航系统的更新换代工作。

  据悉,相较于现在的第二代GPS导航系统,Block III导航系统定位精度更为精确,技术更为安全。据美媒披露的信息,Block III导航系统所使用的卫星,民用定位精确度在3米左右,而军用级别的精度更高,误差在1米以下。按照美国的计划,新一代卫星导航定位系统需要发射至少34颗卫星,费用超过100亿美元,计划在2023年之前建成。

  不过以美国目前的建设速度来看,想要如期完成这一计划,难度着实不小。另外有报道称,中国也已计划对北斗导航系统最初一代的卫星,进行技术升级,就算美国建成新一代导航系统,能否做到领先北斗,还是一个未知数。

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