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德媒:世界10大最重要的技术,中国有4项领先,美国5项居第一 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

德媒:世界10大最重要的技术,中国有4项领先,美国5项居第一

德媒:世界10大最重要的技术,中国有4项领先,美国5项居第一
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“美国和欧洲仍在新冠危机中颤抖,中国已经在向前发展。模仿,那是很久以前的事了。”德国《经济周刊》3月5日的报道聚焦“中国的高科技力量”,认为“中国应该很快成为世界第一大创新大国”。在世界十个最重要的技术领域中,中国已显现出雄心勃勃和实力:

德媒:世界10大最重要的技术,中国有4项领先,美国5项居第一

中美技术竞争将更加激烈。

人工智能。毫无疑问,美国仍是技术领先者:拥有大型高科技公司,最好的研究人员,以及大多数机器学习领域的专利持有者。华盛顿智囊团信息技术和创新基金会的积分系统显示,美国(44.6分)领先于中国(32.3分)和欧洲(23.3分)。但在人工智能的实际应用中,中国已是世界领先者。在大数据收集和使用方面,中国也超过了世界其他地区。中国现在拥有的超级计算机几乎是美国的两倍。到2030年,中国应成为人工智能领域的世界领导者。

德媒:世界10大最重要的技术,中国有4项领先,美国5项居第一

氢能应用上欧洲领先。

能源/氢。10年后,中国预计将拥有超过100万辆氢动力汽车和1000多个加油站。德国联邦氢气与燃料电池技术组织负责人莱纳证实:“中国正在大力推动氢能交通发展。”在所谓的PEM电解槽(一种较新的技术)方面,中国仍处于落后状态。这一领域欧洲领先。

计算机芯片。半导体是中国的“致命弱点”。而且,芯片又是技术中的“重中之重”。芯片制造商中芯国际也只能制造结构宽度最大为14纳米的芯片。主要芯片技术基本都掌握在美国人手中。中国半导体制造商要赶上西方制造商仍需要很长时间。

德媒:世界10大最重要的技术,中国有4项领先,美国5项居第一

半导体是中国的“致命弱点”。

航空/军机。中国的大飞机C919,以及已运营的ARJ21在可靠性和运营成本方面落后于欧洲和美国的飞机10到20年,而且发动机及底盘等技术仍依赖欧美。但是,中国在军机上追赶速度是惊人的,隐形飞机J-31和J-20就是例证。无人机领域中国更是处于领先行业,也是最大出口国之一。

高铁。10年前,中国铁路技术还依赖西门子等公司。但现在,借助信贷和基础设施项目,中国中车总公司已经在新兴市场中已远远将西门子和阿尔斯通等欧洲竞争对手抛在身后,且技术前卫。磁悬浮商业项目也正变成现实。

德媒:世界10大最重要的技术,中国有4项领先,美国5项居第一

大飞机C919。

电池技术。长期以来,中国一直不重视电池的研究。中国现在不再在常规电池化学领域(锂-镍-锰-钴混合物)上与美国和日本较量,而是专注于基于磷酸锂铁等技术。

太空旅行。中国是航天领域的后起之秀,但是已经迎头赶上,已经有登月计划、卫星导航系统等,中国的第一个空间站将于今年开始建设。卫星等领域也正走向工业化。中国有意志、人力和财力,但美国仍独占鳌头。

德媒:世界10大最重要的技术,中国有4项领先,美国5项居第一

中国的火星项目。

量子研究。在量子通信领域,中国已“多年来排名第一”。这也对国际安全体系结构产生了影响:得益于其量子卫星,中国可以创建防窃听网络。中国领先的量子计算机,也可以将人工智能提升到一个新的水平。

网络技术与5G。大约十年前,朗讯、阿尔卡特、西门子、诺基亚和爱立信等欧美公司仍主导着该行业。今天,中兴通讯,尤其是华为这样的公司早就赶超了前市场领导者。各个技术领域,如5G蜂窝基础设施的建设和运营的硬件和软件等,处于国际领先地位。美国对中兴和华为的制裁目的是放慢这两家公司的国际化步伐。

德媒:世界10大最重要的技术,中国有4项领先,美国5项居第一

量子技术中国领先。

支付系统。在数字支付方面,中国比得过领先几英里。中国跳过了信用卡和借记卡付款的时代。而且,中国已经在准备下一步,致力于数字人民币的建设。根据国际清算银行的一项研究,电子人民币比任何其他数字货币都先进。在这方面,欧洲需要快快醒来,已经很晚了!

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