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時隔27年,中美再次海上電磁對峙,從被壓制到平分秋色 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

時隔27年,中美再次海上電磁對峙,從被壓制到平分秋色

時隔27年,中美再次海上電磁對峙,從被壓制到平分秋色
2,394

歷史總是值得回味,不知道還有沒有人記得27年前,1994年10月27日曾發生了讓海軍憋屈多年的中美黃海對峙。一艘091型核潛艇執行完任務返航過程在家門口,被遠道而來的「小鷹」號航母戰鬥群立體圍堵,美軍專門派出三艘驅逐艦、多架S-3「海盜式」反潛機進行反潛演練。在72小時內連續發動7次模擬攻擊,以主動聲吶明目張胆測試攻擊,我們基本沒有還手之力。

當天,除此之外美軍還對周邊基地進行了電磁壓制,當時周邊空軍警戒雷達曾收到多達200架飛機信號,畢竟和平時期這種情況相當罕見。為預防萬一空軍出動一架殲-7E及一架蘇-27升空攔截,另外出動4架戰機尋找可能存在的干擾源,空中並沒有發現雷達顯示的大機群。更加先進的蘇-27機載雷達也沒發現可疑目標,反而是殲-7戰鬥機以雷達加目視發現罪魁禍首——EA-6B「徘徊者」電子戰飛機。而且僅過三天後的30號,南京方向空軍雷達上又出現類似情況,這次數量更多高達700多架,兩架戰機升空查證再次發現一個空中干擾目標(深入領空50公里)。

時隔27年,中美再次海上電磁對峙,從被壓制到平分秋色

殲-7E戰鬥機

時隔27年,中美再次海上電磁對峙,從被壓制到平分秋色

EA-6B「徘徊者」電子戰飛機

其實對於美軍來說,電磁干擾、電磁壓制已經不是新鮮事,特別是冷戰結束前夕的海灣戰爭(1991年),以美國為首的聯軍已經實戰中使用了電磁干擾。以當時裝備水平明顯高於我們的伊拉克而言,採用了法國設計大量蘇聯防空武器結合的防空系統,在美軍電磁壓制下瞬間灰飛煙滅。

不用真槍實彈僅以少量電子戰飛機,然後配合三軍力量就能取得不對稱優勢,這對於美軍來說是未來戰爭中不可或缺的內容。接下來1996年台海危機期間場景再次重現,不過有了上一次的經驗發現美軍還在使用同類干擾手段,雖然沿海雷達一夕三驚多次出現大量目標,但技術上已經有所突破的我們也進行了一定對抗。

時隔27年,中美再次海上電磁對峙,從被壓制到平分秋色

EA-6B「徘徊者」電子戰飛機

有個流傳比較廣的案例見證當年技術上的不足,在當時威懾使用發射的多枚東風-15,其中有幾枚出現發射後無法追蹤情況。最終導彈偏離原定落點,後來的分析可能是GPS信號被干擾或中斷引發,包括對美軍航母編隊也無法有效跟蹤,這也促進了後來北斗系列的誕生。

時隔27年,中美再次海上電磁對峙,從被壓制到平分秋色

東風-15導彈

上述兩次的電磁對抗,給我們留下震撼的同時,也熟悉了美軍採用的干擾手段同時驗證了自主研製干擾和反干擾裝備。時隔27年新年度中美首次角力再次開鑼,從23號開始美軍「羅斯福」號航母戰鬥群出現在南海,E-2C以及P-8A也抵近展開偵察,中方則出動數十架次戰機進行同等威懾。

26日,一架EP-3E電子偵察機出現在巴士海峽附近,由東南朝西北方向飛行。打著擦邊球一路飛行還一路進行電子偵察,搜集我海空軍相關電磁信號,對此我們出動了一架運-8G電子干擾機、一架運-8GX6反潛機,以及兩架殲-10戰鬥機前出迎擊。運-8G電子干擾機正面對敵進行電磁干擾,以阻止EP-3E進行正常電磁信號收集,時隔多年已經可以平分秋色。

時隔27年,中美再次海上電磁對峙,從被壓制到平分秋色

EP-3E電子偵察機

時隔27年,中美再次海上電磁對峙,從被壓制到平分秋色

運-8G電子干擾機

這次對峙規模不僅是這兩款電子戰飛機,在海域周邊中方還出動了兩架預警機(空警-500),以及一架電子偵察機(運-9電子戰飛機)協同作戰。除此之外,領空內還有一架空警-2000進行全局布控,協調對抗現場的所有指揮以及預防其他方向威脅。

EP-3E型電子偵察機基本處於被包抄狀態,左側由空警-500以及運-9電子偵察機守衛,右側則由上面提到的運-8電子干擾機夾擊。除預防對方情報收集外,還順便偵察美機與指揮部的電磁信號,這次是有完整預案的對攻而不是防守。

時隔27年,中美再次海上電磁對峙,從被壓制到平分秋色

對峙場景

時隔27年,中美再次海上電磁對峙,從被壓制到平分秋色

空警-500預警機

時隔27年,中美再次海上電磁對峙,從被壓制到平分秋色

運-9電子偵察機

近年以來隨著空軍實力不斷增強,信息化時代現代戰爭下對於電磁干擾、壓制需求迫切,有過被全面壓制無力反擊海空軍。在切身體會下不斷研製高新產品,也就是這些年不斷投入使用的運-8、運-9高新機,由於機體平台大滯空時間長,可以在周邊海域發揮出其重大作用。再加上多種型號空警預警機、護航戰鬥機的支援,在局部區域完全可以和美軍達到平衡,甚至可以壓制。

隨著航母大量入役,類似於E/A-18G「咆哮者」的殲-15D電子戰飛機終將入役,今後甚至具備遠洋電子干擾壓制能力。27年前幾無還手之力,經過多年發展不論在機型還是裝備水平,甚至導航定位(北斗系統),我們已經可以站在世界第一梯隊實現有效反制。

時隔27年,中美再次海上電磁對峙,從被壓制到平分秋色

殲-15D電子戰飛機

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