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美軍終於拉下臉了:中國055萬噸大驅真好,照葫蘆畫瓢仿一款 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

美軍終於拉下臉了:中國055萬噸大驅真好,照葫蘆畫瓢仿一款

美軍終於拉下臉了:中國055萬噸大驅真好,照葫蘆畫瓢仿一款
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美国海军是当今全球第一大海军,而且不仅仅是在规模上,同时在技术上也远远领先世界其他国家,一个典型的例子:目前美军已经开始计划退役和拆除的“提康德罗加”级巡洋舰,迄今为止,欧洲和俄罗斯也没有能够与之对应和抗衡的型号。如今在“提康德罗加”级巡洋舰计划退役时,美国海军向美国国务院提交了全新的报告,概括性介绍了美国海军下一代驱逐舰DDG(X)的方案和部分指标。根据公布的消息来看,美军新一代DDG(X)的满载排水量大致设定在12000吨左右,和我国的055大型驱逐舰相当,堪称是美国版055驱逐舰。对此,外媒普遍认为,在经历了LCS和DDG-1000两个项目后,美国海军的军舰设计思路正在变得更加务实。

美军终于拉下脸了:中国055万吨大驱真好,照葫芦画瓢仿一款

(美国海军现役的核心——“提康德罗加”级导弹巡洋舰)

从二战至今,美国海军主力水面舰艇的发展都呈现出一条有趣的特征:巡洋舰越造越小、驱逐舰越造越大。即使不算计划中的DDG(X)方案,目前美军已经服役的DDG-1000“朱姆沃尔特”型驱逐舰的吨位就已经超过了“提康德罗加”级巡洋舰,所以如今美国海军已经取消了巡洋舰和驱逐舰的划分,而将其统称为“大型水面舰艇”(LSC)。

美军终于拉下脸了:中国055万吨大驱真好,照葫芦画瓢仿一款

(美军计划发展全新的大型驱逐舰,此为美国海军向美国国务院递交的方案)

提到美军的新一代DDG(X)方案,就不得不提到美军在DDG-1000“朱姆沃尔特”级大型驱逐舰上栽的跟头。在冷战结束后,由于苏联的崩溃,让美国海军一夜之间失去了最大对手,其实不仅仅是当时,即使在今天,以美国海军现役的装备水平,在不考虑核武器的情况下,同样足以吊打世界其他任何国家的海军。在这种情况下,美国海军开始考虑进入敌国的前沿海域,实施“由海到陆”的作战规划,同时由于所谓的弹道导弹技术在全球的扩散,美国海军也要求其DDG-1000型驱逐舰必须具备相当强大的反导能力,并成为其海基NMD系统的组成部分。

美军终于拉下脸了:中国055万吨大驱真好,照葫芦画瓢仿一款

(DDG-1000和LCS两个项目先后失败,让美国海军大型水面舰艇发展遭遇重大挫折,同时也让中国海军得以快速接近美国海军的水平)

正是由于要求DDG-1000型驱逐舰承担大量不同的作战任务,所以该舰的设计出现了冷战时期苏联海军军舰的特点:盲目堆积各种武器装备、雷达系统和电子设备,这不但导致该舰的建造成本成倍攀升,也导致各种系统之间兼容协调难度加大,反而影响了军舰战斗力的发挥。作为一款排水量高达1.57万吨的大型导弹驱逐舰,DDG-1000“朱姆沃尔特”级仅设计了80个导弹垂直发射单元(VLS),甚至比“阿利·伯克”级导弹驱逐舰(96单元)还少,火力密度显然不及伯克级驱逐舰,而该舰配备的2门155毫米舰炮虽然可以发射LRLAP型炮弹,但是这种炮弹价格昂贵,甚至超过了一般的导弹,即使是财大气粗的美军也用不起。

美军终于拉下脸了:中国055万吨大驱真好,照葫芦画瓢仿一款

(美国海军赋予DDG-1000驱逐舰的任务太多,导致该舰完全不堪重负,而且由于使用大量新式技术,导致军舰的成熟性、可靠性大幅降低,最终不得不“下马”)

再加上DDG-1000型驱逐舰应用先进技术过多,很多技术并不成熟,从而导致了很多问题,例如该舰使用全电推进系统,结果在使用中发现问题频繁,特别是有一次在经过巴拿马运河时发生全舰停电故障,不得不紧急调拖船将其拖离巷道,所以在DDG-1000项目上吃够了苦头的美国海军在发现中国海军开始批量建造055大型驱逐舰,立即终止了后续29艘DDG-1000驱逐舰的订单,改为设计全新的驱逐舰,以替换即将退役的“提康德罗加”级巡洋舰。

美军终于拉下脸了:中国055万吨大驱真好,照葫芦画瓢仿一款

(中美两国大型驱逐舰对比(模型),图片来自网上)

平心而论,美国在海军军舰的设计和技术方面,依然有大量领先世界的技术和经验,目前全球只有中美两国研制成功并批量列装了所谓的“神盾舰”,而其他国家包括俄罗斯、英国、法国、德国等国家要么是具备部分“神盾舰”功能的系统的军舰,要么根本就没有类似“神盾舰”的军舰,而日本、韩国、挪威、西班牙、澳大利亚等国则是直接从美国采购的“宙斯盾”系统然后安装在自己的“神盾舰”上。由此不难看出,美国和西方其他国家相比,在海军大型水面舰艇技术方面至少有一代的领先优势,所以从理论上说,只要美军把现有的技术加以整合,并有选择的进行提升,完全可以在很短时间内设计出一款新式的先进驱逐舰,目前来看,美国海军提交的DDG(X)方案报告正是这样的思路。

美军终于拉下脸了:中国055万吨大驱真好,照葫芦画瓢仿一款

(055型驱逐舰无疑是当今全球综合性能最强的大型水面战舰,也是自二战以来,第一次有其他国家海军在主力舰技术方面超越美国海军,所以美国海军的焦虑可想而知)

由于美国近年来已经逐步把中国当做自己最大的潜在对手,因此当中国海军开始列装新锐的055型驱逐舰后,美国海军自然也要推出与之抗衡的舰艇,在DDG-1000项目彻底下马后,直接参考中国055型驱逐舰的设计,开发美国海军自己的LSC显然是一种事半功倍的办事方式。目前美军有成熟的AN/SPY-1系列“宙斯盾”雷达系统,MK-41型导弹垂直发射系统以及LM-2500燃气轮机等成熟的配套系统,只要确认吨位和作战要求,就可以很快设计出一款大型驱逐舰。而提出DDG(X)方案,标志着美国海军已经放弃了好高骛远的思路,改为脚踏实地的思路,而且美国海军计划在2038年之前,退役全部27艘“提康德罗加”级导弹巡洋舰,不出意外,这些军舰都会被新的DDG(X)替代,并且在未来很长一段时间内,成为我国海军最重要的潜在对手。

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