Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property AAL_Main::$notifications is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/aryo-activity-log/aryo-activity-log.php on line 103

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property AAL_Main::$export is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/aryo-activity-log/aryo-activity-log.php on line 104

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::offsetExists($k) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 309

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::offsetGet($k) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 317

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::offsetSet($k, $v) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 301

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::offsetUnset($k) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 313

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 328

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 339

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 350

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 362

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 375

Deprecated: Return type of FS_Key_Value_Storage::count() should either be compatible with Countable::count(): int, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/easy-post-views-count/freemius/includes/managers/class-fs-key-value-storage.php on line 389

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Mongoose_Page_Plugin::$settings_page_url is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/facebook-page-feed-graph-api/inc/class-mongoose-page-plugin.php on line 228

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$settings_api is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 128

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$functions is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 139

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$update is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 140

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$settings is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 141

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$admin is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 142

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$query is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 143

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$cron is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 144

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$counter is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 145

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$columns is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 146

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$crawler_detect is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 147

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$frontend is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 148

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$dashboard is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 149

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Post_Views_Counter::$widgets is deprecated in /home2/yjjsh1yw/public_html/wp-content/plugins/post-views-counter/post-views-counter.php on line 150
北歐小國100年沒打仗,人口千萬,卻成全球軍工強國,為什麽? – 有海水的地方就有中國人

北歐小國100年沒打仗,人口千萬,卻成全球軍工強國,為什麽?

北歐小國100年沒打仗,人口千萬,卻成全球軍工強國,為什麽?
2,422

提到國際軍火市場,我們更多想到的是美國和俄羅斯兩家,畢竟這兩家出口到其他國家的武器裝備佔國際軍火市場的一大半還多。可即使在美俄已經佔據主導地位情況下,依然有許多國家還能從軍火這塊大蛋糕下分出一小塊。比如法國、德國、以色列等國家。我們今天要來說的是瑞典,這個看似沒有什麼特長的國家,卻是國際軍火市場的「小霸王」。

與軍工領域相比較,我們更能熟知的是瑞典社會的高福利和高工資。聯合國在2019年出台的《2019年全球幸福指數》報告顯示,瑞典的排名在世界第七位。外界驚嘆瑞典在社會福利和穩定性方面卓越功績的同時,更驚嘆於它所擁有的非常完備的國防工業體系。

瑞典祖上也厲害過,曾經吊打俄羅斯,吞併芬蘭,挪威,打敗丹麥,一度成為北歐最強霸主。不過,近代以來瑞典成為永久中立國,一百多年來沒發生戰爭。就實力來說,瑞典不過是一個人口僅僅1000餘萬,面積45萬平方公里的小國家。放在全球兩百多個國家中,瑞典絕不能算的上是大國。然而瑞典人在國防上所取得的成就,卻領先於全球絕大多數中等偏上國家。

在許多國家採購的武器裝備中,我們總是可以見到「鷹獅」戰鬥機、「愛立信」預警機、維斯比級隱身護衛艦、S型主戰坦克以及「弓箭手」自走炮等。而這些堪稱是國際軍火市場「明星產品」的武器裝備,都來自於瑞典的軍工企業,如博福斯、愛立信以及薩博等。有着全球最火防空炮之稱的瑞典40mm博福斯防空炮對外銷售超過5萬門以上,風靡全球。它的核心技術,是許多軍事強國至今都研發不出來的。瑞典軍工之強,由此可見。

一個問題,為何小國瑞典在軍工領域如此強悍?總的概括來說就兩大點,一是有優良傳統,二是當代努力。瑞典王室一直有一句非常經典的格言:為了瑞典,與時俱進。由於在地理位置上接近北極圈,所以瑞典人在一年當中的大多數時間都在和嚴寒的氣候作鬥爭。也正因此,瑞典人心中早早就被灌入了頑強的戰鬥精神。放眼整個歐洲地區,瑞典只是其中一個很小的存在。任何一個歐洲列強,隨時都可以吞併瑞典。在這種危機中,瑞典人把國防建設看的比什麼都重要。

瑞典經常設計一些只有瑞典自己才裝備的奇葩武器。例如Strv 103坦克,又被稱為S型坦克。它的最大特點就是沒有炮塔,主炮是直接安裝在車體地盤上的,不具備獨立轉動的能力,和我們常見的坦克截然不同,非常「骨骼驚奇」。憑藉着標新立異、骨骼驚奇的無炮塔設計,再配合以獨特的防禦作戰戰術,S型坦克雖然進攻能力幾乎全無,但是它的防禦作戰能力卻是當時所有坦克都無法超越的。

要說誰奠定了瑞典軍工業的基礎,我想非有「現代戰爭之父」稱號的瑞典國王古斯塔夫二世•阿道夫不可。正是在他治理下的瑞典,才有可一系列軍事改革,得到發展。甚至曾經,瑞典的軍事實力超過歐洲內陸的這些國家。在此之後的數百年時間中,瑞典始終是北歐最強軍事國家。也就是從那個時候開始,隨着瑞典軍事實力的大幅提升,瑞典的軍工業開始蓬勃發展。

起初的瑞典軍工主要以火藥和炸藥為主,最出名的莫過於被「炸藥之父」諾貝爾收購的博福斯公司。經過二次世界大戰噴氣式飛機成為了主流,瑞典的薩博公司也敏銳的捕捉到了這個潮流,於是花費大量精力進行研發,而其核心就是噴氣飛機的噴氣發動機。當瑞典人成功掌握噴氣發動機技術後,他們在該領域就成為了佼佼者。

薩博公司研發噴氣發動機雖然只是眾多瑞典武器研發的一個例子,但卻可以洞悉現代瑞典在軍工領域保持活力的原因。薩博在研發中,投入了巨大資金,最後才收穫了核心技術,因此才在國際軍火市場掌握主動權。所以在瑞典人看來,只有掌握真正的核心技術,才能在競爭中立於不敗之地。不得不提的是,瑞典這個國家是一個充滿創新的國家,數據顯示,瑞典的創新指數位居世界第三。這,就是瑞典軍工保持長期成功的奧秘所在。

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

You cannot copy content of this page

error: Content is protected !!
%d bloggers like this: