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G7峰會再談牽制中國,在南海東海問題上說三道四,共同應對全球性挑戰?自欺欺人的把戲騙得了誰? – 有海水的地方就有中國人

G7峰會再談牽制中國,在南海東海問題上說三道四,共同應對全球性挑戰?自欺欺人的把戲騙得了誰?

G7峰會再談牽制中國,在南海東海問題上說三道四,共同應對全球性挑戰?自欺欺人的把戲騙得了誰?
2,289

付宇 中國現代國際關係研究院世界政治所研究員

當地時間2月19日,G7(七國集團)視頻峰會召開,此次峰會是2020年4月視頻會議後的首次,由英國首相約翰遜主持。峰會聚焦應對新冠疫情、重振世界經濟,以及氣候變化等當前最熱門的全球治理議題,力圖彰顯G7在當前全球治理中的核心作用。

峰會也達成了一系列成果。在應對新冠疫情問題上,約翰遜承諾將捐贈部分英國已訂購的疫苗,幫助發展中國家解決疫苗短缺問題,同時將積極推動各國締結「全球衛生條約」。宣示「美國歸來」的美國總統拜登也表示將向全球公共衛生安全和抗疫捐贈20億美元。

在推動全球經濟復甦問題上,峰會發表的聲明承諾,將從新冠疫情打擊中儘快重建世界經濟,為發展中國家經濟復甦提供幫助,並通過與G20等國際組織的合作,探索「所有可用工具」,推動實施貧窮國家「暫停償債倡議」和共同框架。

G7峰會再談牽制中國,在南海東海問題上說三道四,共同應對全球性挑戰?自欺欺人的把戲騙得了誰?

在應對氣候變化問題上,峰會承諾將把應對氣變和逆轉生物多樣性喪失作為未來G7工作的重點,根據《巴黎協定》在減緩、適應和融資等方面取得進展,推動實現全球發展的綠色轉型。

國際主流輿論普遍認為,美英等國在此時積極提升G7在全球治理與國際關係中的作用,其實背後有多重原因。

一是英國作為今年G7峰會的東道主,有意藉機彰顯自身的存在感和影響力。特別是在英國正式「脫歐」後,約翰遜首相有意借擔任G7輪值主席國之機,發揮「全球英國」作用。與往年舉行的G7峰會不同,今年英國將年度峰會拆分成線上和線下兩個部分,線上峰會在2月舉行,而線下峰會計劃在6月疫情好轉後再舉行,以充分展現英國在全球治理中的「領導作用」。

二是美國新總統上台後,有意借G7峰會展示西方大國間的團結,以及美國在國際事務中的領導作用。實際上,自拜登正式入主白宮以來,已先後頒布數十個行政令。在宣示「美國歸來」的同時,拜登開始着手修正特朗普時期的內外政策。參加本次G7峰會前,拜登已先後宣布重返氣候變化《巴黎協定》、世衛組織、聯合國人權理事會,用「美國之音」的話說,拜登試圖利用此次峰會,以實際行動表明「美國歸來」。

三是G20等治理機製作用的下降,客觀上為G7重振提供了契機。傳統上,G7曾長期引領全球治理,為推動全球經濟增長、南北合作、地區熱點問題的解決提供「西方方案」。而在2008年國際金融危機後,G20取代G7成為全球經濟治理的主要平台。但近年來,G20推動全球治理乏力,特別是疫情以來,G20、聯合國等眾多全球治理機制難以達成共識,應對疫情不力,影響力有所下降,使得美歐日等發達國家又開始轉向自身的小圈子,一度式微的G7又開始重現生機。

值得注意的是,約翰遜在6月G7線下峰會還有意邀請印度、澳大利亞、韓國等加入,以進一步增強G7峰會的代表性和影響力;此次峰會也更像是G7峰會的率先「對表」,為6月的「擴容」峰會打下基礎。

然而,與本次G7視頻峰會的自我感覺良好不同,國際社會對G7未來能否重新成為全球治理主平台的態度普遍較為謹慎。

首先,美歐日等西方大國內部能否再度實現協調一致,仍然存在不小的變數。單從美歐關係上看,儘管拜登上台後多次試圖修復雙方關係,但雙方在一系列重大問題上仍存在明顯的分歧,特別是美歐在數字貿易上的磨擦至今未能完全消除。

其次,本次G7峰會再談牽制中國崛起的老調,拜登也聲稱將把應對「中國挑戰」作為加強西方大國內部協作的抓手,而東道主英國首相約翰遜也放言希望G7能更有力地對抗中國、俄羅斯等「制度性競爭對手」。這些都使本次G7峰會帶有了明顯的大國對抗色彩,也與本次G7峰會所鼓吹的共同應對全球性挑戰的基調大相徑庭。

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