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這兩個國家有多難?不光自己沒有海,所有鄰國都是內陸國 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

這兩個國家有多難?不光自己沒有海,所有鄰國都是內陸國

這兩個國家有多難?不光自己沒有海,所有鄰國都是內陸國
2,418

海岸线对一个国家的重要性不言而喻,一个国家有了海岸线就有了对外贸易的自主权,对国家的经济起着重要的作用。

全球二百多个国家,有些国家地理位置好海岸线很长,像美国,东临大西洋,西临太平洋,北临北冰洋,可以说是占尽地利,可以尽情地建设港口。印度尼西亚,万岛之国,海岸线更是不值钱了,到处都是。但是对于有些国家来说,对海岸线的渴望非常强烈的,有的国家仅有短短几公里。这短短几公里海岸线就显得尤其珍贵了。

这两个国家有多难?不光自己没有海,所有邻国都是内陆国

比如约旦王国,地处中东腹地,气候炎热干旱,水资源匮乏,但庆幸的是在红海东北角的亚喀巴湾拥有一小段海岸线,仅有26公里,仅能有一个港口亚喀巴。但是在1965年之前,约旦海岸线才只有14公里,修建一个港口都费劲,没办法,只能和邻国沙特商量,用6000平方公里的土地换来了12公里的海岸线,可以说是下血本了。

这两个国家有多难?不光自己没有海,所有邻国都是内陆国

同样对海岸线渴望的还有约旦的邻国伊拉克,伊拉克的海岸线被伊朗和科威特挤得只剩下60公里,虽说也不短了,但是岸边就是科威特的巴比延岛,把伊拉克出海口牢牢堵住,连修建一座港口的地方都没有了。当年萨达姆悍然入侵科威特,并因此引发海湾战争,很大原因也是伊拉克对海岸线强烈的渴望。

这两个国家有多难?不光自己没有海,所有邻国都是内陆国

虽然这些国家的海岸线都跟短小,但和很多内陆国相比又要好很多了,不过多数内陆国都可以借道邻国港口把货物运出去,虽然费钱费力,但总算有出路。但是如果邻国也没有出海口呢?这就很上火了。

这样的国家在全球只有两个,被称为“双重内陆国”。什么是“双重内陆国”,就是这个国家本身是内陆国,而它所有的邻国也都是内陆国,可谓是出海无望,只能望洋兴叹了。

这两个国家一个就是中亚的乌兹别克斯坦,另一个是欧洲的列支敦士登。

乌兹别克斯坦,深居欧亚大陆腹地,是著名的“丝绸之路”古国,远离海洋,距离最近的黑海也要1000多公里,周围邻国是哈萨克斯坦,土库曼斯坦,阿富汗、塔吉克斯坦,吉尔吉斯斯坦,全部都是内陆国,想要触摸到海洋可谓是难上加难,虽然距离里海近在咫尺,但里海虽然名为“海”,但只是一个湖泊,没有水道通往大洋。

这两个国家有多难?不光自己没有海,所有邻国都是内陆国

乌兹别克斯坦国土总面积44.89万平方公里,因地处中亚腹地,属严重干旱的大陆性气候。西北部沙漠遍布,东部和南部群山壁立,可以说是气候恶劣,条件艰苦。虽然地理条件并不理想,却养育了3300多万的人口,是中亚地区人口最多的国家。这要得益于其境内的一块宝地,费尔干纳盆地。这块儿2.2万平方公里的盆地气候温润,水草丰美,土地肥沃,是中亚地区重要的粮食主产区,乌兹别克斯坦占据了费尔干纳盆地的64%,拥有这块宝地,可以说全国人民都可以衣食无忧了。至于能不能看到海,好像也不重要了。

这两个国家有多难?不光自己没有海,所有邻国都是内陆国

中亚名城撒马尔罕

列支敦士登全称列支敦士登公国,首都瓦杜兹,位于瑞士和奥地利中间,唯二的两个邻国也都是内陆国,是世界袖珍小国,总面积只有160平方公里,和我国一个乡镇面积差不多,总人口3.6万人,官方语言德语,维持着君主立宪制的政治体制,大公拥有最高权利。

这两个国家有多难?不光自己没有海,所有邻国都是内陆国

列支敦士登虽小,却是一个发达的资本主义国家,原本只是一个贫穷农业国,二战后逐步发展成为发达的工业国家。低税收政策和银行保密法促进了金融业快速发展,使其成为“避税天堂”。1912年,该国开始发行邮票,其邮票做工精美,世界各地邮票爱好者争相收藏,也是国家财政的重要来源之一,旅游业也比较发达,其境内风光旖旎,以其独特的袖珍小国和高山风情吸引了世界各地游人。

国家收入高,国民福利待遇好,生活水平高,有钱有闲,自然而然想去哪就去哪了,双重内陆国的劣势一点影响也没有,中立国的身份任其逍遥自在,是一个国民生活非常滋润的高山小国。

这两个国家有多难?不光自己没有海,所有邻国都是内陆国

列支敦士登风光

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