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印度要當亞洲頭號航天強國?發展航天飛機,造印度版“長征五號” – 有海水的地方就有中國人

印度要當亞洲頭號航天強國?發展航天飛機,造印度版“長征五號”

印度要當亞洲頭號航天強國?發展航天飛機,造印度版“長征五號”
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  图为印度航天飞机

  人类对于太空的探索可谓是前仆后继,多年来,世界各国将载人航天作为一个国家实力的象征,但技术难度太大,目前可执行载人航天任务的国家只有三个,即中国、美国和俄罗斯,但是位于南亚次大陆的印度也有一个航天大国梦。

  不久之前,我国的“长征五号”重型火箭搭载“天问一号”火星探测器成功发射成功,开启了火星的历史性探测之旅,外媒普遍认为,长征五号重型火箭在深空探索领域的技术已经趋于成熟,是全球一流水准,在亚洲也是遥遥领先。

  面对中国这一成绩斐然的航天突破,印度像是打了鸡血似的,促使印度空间研究组织(IRSO)加快研制两款新型重型火箭,这显然是在对标“长征五号”。

  虽然上次印度月球探测器失去控制坠毁,新德里依旧是野心勃勃,宣称要继续执行登月任务,除此之外印度还要打造亚洲领先空间站、未来派遣宇航员登陆火星等计划,不过面对莫迪的踌躇满志,俄罗斯媒体泼了一头冷水,质疑印度资金和技术从何而来。

Image result for 印度版“長征五號”

  2020年中国名义GDP14.73万亿美元,同比增长2.3%,而印度1.8万亿美元,两国的经济体量就不是在一个水平上的,航天发展是需要大量资金的支持,连美国NASA也难以承受,转而将一些航天发射任务交给马斯克的商业公司SpaceX。

  据报道,印度推力最大的运载火箭“GSLV MKIII”,在近地轨道推力可达10吨,地球同步轨道推力为4吨,而“长征五号”重型运载火箭在同样的条件下,近地轨道和地球同步轨道推力分别是25吨和14吨,两者相比,说明印度与中国的差距至少20年的差距。

 除此之外,印度也发展过载人飞船项目,其“拉甘扬”飞船发射计划从2015年推迟到2022年,不过它的航天飞机却早一步“登天”,在2016年5月印度空间研究组织(IRSO)成功发射了首个用于技术验证的航天飞机RLV-TD,其长度约6.5米,重量1.75吨,可以说是航天飞机中较小的型号,这款航天飞机据说是印度为了大幅降低发射成本而研制的一种可重复使用运载飞行器。

  不过此次只是验证性地发射,未来印度要想将宇航员和航天器送往太空,估计需要10至15年。

  在月球探索上,印度也是紧追中国的脚步,2008年发射首个月球探测器月球1号,2019年月球2号不幸坠毁,探月计划又遭停滞。

  不过印度的火星探索比中国早了七年,2013年“曼加里安”号火星探测器点火发射,并最终于2014年9月抵达火星轨道,使印度成为全球第四个进行火星探测的国家,但总的来说,其航天发展还是落后于中国。

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