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從24只到100億只,人兔大戰150年,澳大利亞完敗 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

從24只到100億只,人兔大戰150年,澳大利亞完敗

從24只到100億只,人兔大戰150年,澳大利亞完敗
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1787年1月22日,英国国王乔治三世宣布要向澳大利亚转运罪犯,以解决国内居高不下的犯罪率,同时也为了解决监狱拥挤引起的种种不便。

当年5月,海军上校菲利普就率领第一舰队离开普利茅斯港,开往澳大利亚。在这批舰队中,一共包含了568位男性犯人,191名女性犯人,还有13个儿童,以及若干名军官、水手、军人家属,还带着7匹马,7头牛,74头猪以及6只兔子。

从24只到100亿只,人兔大战150年,澳大利亚完败

只不过这6只兔子并没有形成气候,原因是它们都被饲养在笼子中,一直没有机会逃窜。

只是,澳大利亚地区不仅涌来了大批罪犯,也带来了一些官员,其中有一个官员托马斯.奥斯汀,他和其他英国贵族一样来这里不是被流放,而是管理这里。然而他也和其他英国贵族一样,保留了打猎的喜好,由于当地没有适宜打猎的物种,所以他托人从英国带回了一些动物,其中包括24只兔子。

从24只到100亿只,人兔大战150年,澳大利亚完败

为了打猎,他将这些兔子放归野外,然而很快,他就感觉到了不对,这些兔子竟然越打越多,似乎永远也打不完。

只用了一年不到,他农场周围就有许多兔子生存,甚至有许多跑到了别的地区。就这样,澳大利亚的兔灾开始了。

兔子的泛滥

兔子之所以能够在当地泛滥成灾,也和人类有关。在过去澳大利亚曾经生活着许多食肉动物,但随着4.5万年前智人抵达澳大利亚,导致澳大利亚24种超过50公斤的动物中,灭绝了23种,只留下一种袋鼠,袋狮等大型食肉动物都被灭绝了。

从24只到100亿只,人兔大战150年,澳大利亚完败

虽然在18世纪时,澳大利亚还有一种食肉动物袋狼,但袋狼更喜欢捕捉其他有袋类生物,而不是捕捉善于奔跑,且善于打洞的兔子,所以兔子在这里相当于没有天敌。

从24只到100亿只,人兔大战150年,澳大利亚完败

由于没有天敌,再加上又没有生存压力,所以兔子的后代存活率相当高。而这还不算,关键是兔子自身特别的能生孩子,它们有两个子宫,两个子宫可以分别受孕,这意味着如果它们想,它们的双子宫可以轮流怀孕生子,一整年都不消停。

而新出生的兔子不久之后又会加入繁衍大军,因此用不了太久,兔子就会泛滥成灾。19世纪时,据不完全统计,澳洲的兔子已经达到了上亿只。

人兔大战

在人兔大战的第一回合,人类采用的方式还比较保守,采取的是隔离的方式,将兔子隔离在泛滥的区域,企图通过这种方式阻止兔子的蔓延。

但是人类很快就发现这招根本不管用,原因是这些兔子会钻洞,它们会采用打洞的方式绕过围栏,在别的地方蔓延生息。

从24只到100亿只,人兔大战150年,澳大利亚完败

在人兔大战的第二回合,人类组织了定期猎杀野兔的比赛,鼓励勇士们来到此处猎杀野兔,然而此举并不能真正地铲除兔灾,原因是兔子繁殖速度极其快,想当初它们只有24个个体,没过多少年就繁衍了上亿只后代,可想而知人类猎杀兔子根本无法阻拦它们的蔓延。

既然猎杀野兔无法阻止兔子泛滥,那通过吃货们的力量呢?

从24只到100亿只,人兔大战150年,澳大利亚完败

其实这更属于无稽之谈了,因为吃货们也无法彻底消灭兔灾。而且猎杀兔子,运输兔子,屠宰、烹饪等都需要资金,这意味着虽然澳大利亚的兔子泛滥成灾,但到了消费者手里并不是免费的,甚至有可能运输成本以及猎杀成本比我们吃到的养殖兔子更贵,所以这个方法从一开始就没有被考虑。

从24只到100亿只,人兔大战150年,澳大利亚完败

既然以上的方法都没有效果,最终科学家们准备放大招,那就是采用生化武器。不过不用担心的是,科学家们采用的是释放粘液瘤病毒,这种病毒具有极高的死亡率,但它们只能感染兔子,不会感染其他生物。而且即使有动物食用了患病的兔子,也不会因此而患病。

最开始,这种方法真的很有效,大约杀死了80%的兔子。然而,有极其少的一部分兔子演化出了抗病性,它们在这次流行病中存活了下来,并且又继续开始生育后代,并且兔子越来越多,最高时突破了百亿只。

从24只到100亿只,人兔大战150年,澳大利亚完败

尽管后来人类又想到了许多办法,但总是治标不治本,每隔一段时间,兔子又会卷土重来,直到如今,人们也没能找到彻底解决澳大利亚兔灾的办法。

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