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10億美金被捲走,企業被搞垮上萬人失業 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

10億美金被捲走,企業被搞垮上萬人失業

10億美金被捲走,企業被搞垮上萬人失業
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這是美國有史以來最為慘痛的醜聞,短短三周之內美國第七大企業被一幫人搞垮,輕輕鬆鬆捲走10億美金投資人血本無歸,上萬員工失去工作,這家公司就是安然,說起安然那就不得不介紹一個重要人物,肯尼斯網上都說他建立的安然,但都是在胡扯其實安然有兩家公司合併的。肯尼斯是公司第一任CEO和董事會主席肯尼斯家境並不怎麼樣,甚至還有點貧窮,有時候一個人甚至要打幾份工,都說寒門出才子,肯尼斯大學畢業後就在美國的一家公司拿到了價值13,000美金的年薪,後來又一邊上班一邊拿了博士學位,後來憑藉著之前積累的人脈慢慢地發展成了休斯頓的CEO休斯頓是安然合併前的一家公司,尤其的是原本安然的主事,是另一家合併公司的原來負責人,可不知道怎麼很快他就被董事會開除了,接下來肯尼斯反客為主成為了安然的CEO兼主席,自己原本任職的公司被收納,肯尼斯居然還成了新公司的大老闆。

10億美金被捲走,企業被搞垮上萬人失業

這本事也不小繼位之後肯尼斯的下一步就是要通過安然這個公司給自己賺錢,就當肯尼斯在天然氣管道和電力方面繼續加大投資時,公司發現有人在油品交易過程中有人中飽私囊,公司的總經理從公司利潤轉出300多萬到自己帳戶參與其中的還有公司其他高層,為此他們還做了假帳並銷毀的每天的交易記錄,他們甚至把錢打給了一個叫做m.yass因為有品交易是公司合併後是公司唯一賺錢的業務,肯尼斯知道後不僅沒對這些人做出懲戒,甚至發電報告訴他們,請繼續讓咱們賺錢油品交易就像一場賭博,肯尼斯不但沒有降低安然的投資風險甚至還鼓勵他的交易員博大,然而後來運氣很快就用完了,他們5天就賠掉了9,000萬,接著兩位交易員把安然儲備石油全賭輸了,毫無疑問兩類交易員不僅被撤職,而且還面對著一場牢獄之災,公司呢乾脆修改報表準備瞞過市場,安然公司因此躲過一劫,此後肯尼斯堅稱對此不知情,拒絕對不知情的事情負責就是後來肯尼斯一貫的作風,王牌印鈔金童接連入獄,肯尼斯的問題隨之而來,她要找誰幫安然賺錢換句話說誰能給他賺錢。

10億美金被捲走,企業被搞垮上萬人失業

後來肯尼斯遇上一個改變他一生的年輕人傑夫,傑夫是一個非常有遠見的人,他還被稱為電子王,傑夫為肯尼斯出的第一個漂亮點子就是找出運送能源的新途徑,與其被實體運送管線綁死,安然可以發展成天然氣交易市場將能源變成財務工具,如同可以交易的股票和債券,事實證明這確實是一個絕妙的點子,從1992年憑著這個點子安然成為北美天然氣最大的賣家和買家,傑夫加入安然後採用的當日市價會計原則,這也是讓安然最終瓦解的一個關鍵點,當日市價會計原則允許安然將未來的獲利在簽約當日結算,無論當天實際收入有多少對外面的市場而言,安然的利潤全由自己說了數,傑夫認為採用此原則,他們可以創造數不盡的利潤,不僅如此,傑夫還實行了第2個點子,他在安然徹底實行物競天擇,他建立的PRC制度,也就是績效審查委員會,所有員工從1~5評等大約有10%列為第5等。這些人將會被解僱,這個制度也被稱為「排名砍人,每年砍掉百分之十五的人力只是為了達成互相評估的要求,這是個殘忍無情的程序,其中一個才25歲的員工經過評估,結果被列為績效超優,因此領到500萬美元的獎金,可以想像在這種充滿末位淘汰的壓力以及瘋狂一般的物質獎勵的基礎下,安然的交易員有多麼的狼性,在傑夫的運營之下安然的股票從90年代的10塊錢一路漲到了99年的40塊錢,而安然公司兩位最重要的兩位職業經理人,此時他們二人的身價已經長成了一個天文數字,人都是貪婪地對此他們並沒有滿足,新千年將近物聯網越來越普及傑夫決定準備設立網絡交易市場。安然運用天然氣交易的知識投入其他能源的交易,其中包括傳遞信息的頻寬,對此安然更是鋪天蓋地地打起了廣告質問大家為何不將多餘的頻寬賣給別人,以此來狠狠地賺一筆,於是安然的股價很快就漲到了70,此時安然在2000年的營業收入已經跨入了千億美元的大關,這個數字有多麼可怕,你們自行想像,後來安然又對加州的電力市場下手了,供電量原本十分平穩的加州,突然遭遇了供電危機,連續兩天美國第一大州斷電,只是夏季用電量一半的冬季,停電發生的莫名其妙調查之後,調查之後發現原來這是安然將加州當做重點地測試電力開放政策的新把戲,交易員發現關掉電廠就能夠創造人為短缺,然後利用加州電力短缺的監管漏洞,竟然把電力賣到了其他州,當價格上漲時他們才把電力買回那樣充滿狼性的交易員每12小時一班將西部的供電來回買賣。起初這種做法交易員們做得還是比較隱晦,後來安然的交易員們把輸電系統管道報直接告訴加州公共設施,如果需要電那就拿錢,於是家住的電力單價一飛沖天高額的電費給加州政府帶來了難以想像的壓力,因為供電短缺大多民眾被困在電梯中,紅綠燈無法正常運行,造成車禍或許真的是惡有惡報,2001年的時候安然的報應來了,3月份一位女記者發文質疑,安然的利潤是否存在問題?以及它的股票是否被高估了,此時的傑夫似乎感到什麼很快便找了個理由宣布辭職傑夫閃電般的離職。閃電般的離職使得公司的運營陷入的困境,肯尼斯不得不親自出來維持局面,可就在新的財報出來之後安然曝出了巨大的虧損,前一天的肯尼斯在會議中還鼓勵大家領並說到對安然的財務官很有信心,結果第二天財務官就被解僱還被查出貪污了4500萬美金之後安然的股價一直下跌一直到一文不值公司最終選擇破產。

10億美金被捲走,企業被搞垮上萬人失業

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