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日本人貼錢幫印度建的高鐵,終於打了水漂 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

日本人貼錢幫印度建的高鐵,終於打了水漂

日本人貼錢幫印度建的高鐵,終於打了水漂
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現在,越來越多的國家都開始發展高鐵,畢竟高鐵效率高,能深化國家間各個地區的聯繫。但是,高鐵也是一項技術密集的工程,世界上願意建設高鐵的國家很多,但是掌握高鐵製造技術的確屈指可數,中國憑藉著引進再消化的過程,終於掌握了高鐵製造的全套技術。

當然,一直有「大國夢」的印度也想把高鐵搞起來,畢竟印度現在使用的鐵路還是英國人一百年前留下來的「遺產」,一百年前,當英國人幫助印度建設完鐵路網時,這確實是亞洲首屈一指的鐵路網絡,但是憑藉著印度官員的官僚作風加上幾十年的無所作為,印度的鐵路網絡早已落伍,排到了亞洲的後面。

Image result for 日本人貼錢幫印度建的高鐵

眼看著鄰國已經把高鐵修到了全國各地,印度也不甘心,但是奈何自己的技術水平不夠,於是,印度搞了一次招標,這次招標一共吸引了四個國家,日本,中國,法國和德國,這基本是當時高鐵技術最為先進的四個國家。法國和德國的報價比較高,沒能走到最後,但到了最後,當中國和日本競爭時,日本拋出一個大招,最終戰勝了中國的高鐵。

當時,日本首相在訪問印度時,直接提出一個方案,日本將向印度提供800億美元貸款,用於高鐵建設,這基本是印度首條高鐵的全部造價,並且,這筆貸款的條件極其低廉。印度只需要在50年內還清即可,且年利率只有0.1%。中國一看日本這麼玩,也就知難而退了。

但從現在的結果看,日本人這800億美元可能真的要有去無回了。因為這條高鐵可能在相當長的一段時間內都無法完工。

這條高鐵都遇到了哪些問題呢?首先是征地,印度繼承了完整的英國法統,對征地要求極高,當地政府和農民對征地抗性都很大,以第一年為例,高鐵項目原定一年征地3000公頃,實際到位不到0.7公頃,基本等於沒有進展。沒有土地,再好的技術也沒法落實。

Image result for 日本人貼錢幫印度建的高鐵

另外,高鐵在印度國內反對的聲音也很多,這在我們看來也有些奇怪,但是在印度,火車數十年來的票價都非常便宜,所以普通百姓也能經常乘坐火車,但是高鐵來了之後,鑑於高鐵巨大的運營成本,很多人擔心火車票價會普漲,會影響他們的生活,於是他們就利用印度的法律和鐵路部門扯皮,導致高鐵項目無法推進。

不過印度政府倒是信心滿滿,他們希望高鐵能在2022年印度獨立75周年完工。只是,這條貫穿印度南北的鐵路到現在都還沒有開工,即使是叫來中國工程隊,恐怕也沒辦法按時完工了,有專家預計,這條高鐵的完工時間至少會被拖延五年。

其實,高鐵當然對交通和信息的流通有非常大的好處,但是就像航空母艦一樣,落地高鐵並不僅是從外國引入技術就能搞定的,它對一個國家的組織能力、運營能力和財力都有很高的要求,如果綜合國力不達標,也很難運營高鐵,越南也曾請日本建設一段高鐵,但最終因為高鐵造價太高而作罷。

不知道日本人現在作何感想,這800億到底能把印度這尊佛送多遠呢?

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