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天問一號傳來火星近照,這次只許勝不許敗,火星!中國人來了 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

天問一號傳來火星近照,這次只許勝不許敗,火星!中國人來了

天問一號傳來火星近照,這次只許勝不許敗,火星!中國人來了
2,636

  2月6日,中国远行的火星探测器天问1号从距离火星220万公里的地方传来一张火星近照,这是中国第一次离火星这么近,同时天文一号也是中国自主发射的第一枚火星探测器。

  2021年2月5日20时,首次火星探测任务天文一号探测器发动机点火工作,顺利完成地火转移段第四次轨道修正,以确保按计划实施火星捕获。截至目前,天文一号已经在轨飞行约197天,距离地球约1.84亿公里距离火星约110万公里,飞行里程约4.65亿公里,探测器各系统状态良好。

  从天问传来的火星近照中可以明显看到阿茜达利亚平原、克律塞平原、子午高原、斯基亚帕雷利坑,以及火星最长的峡谷水手谷等,这些地点都是该星球上最具代表性的地形地貌,类似地球上的青藏高原、珠穆朗玛等。

  其实这不是中国人第一次在火星探测上进行的尝试,早在刚步入21世纪的时候,我国就想开始深空探测,火星是唯一合适的对象。但是彼时的中国既没有大推力的火箭,也没有深空测控系统,这两项都是探测外太空的关键性道具,当时仅仅只有美国和俄罗斯两个国家拥有。

  于是,我们计划与俄罗斯开展联合探测计划,让中国真正意义上的第一个火星探测器萤火一号搭个顺风车,挂载在俄罗斯同样发往火星的探测器上。

  两国在2007年达成协议,给中国两年的时间造出探测器,2009年就正式发射。仅仅两年的时间不得不说是十分紧张,中国航天夜以继日,终于准时造出了萤火一号,结果俄罗斯航天局却宣布计划推迟,2011年再进行发射。行吧,晚两年就晚两年,谁让我们有求于人呢。

 终于在2011年发射的时候,萤火一号带着无数中国航天人的热忱和期待升空了。他和他所搭乘的探测器“福波斯-土壤”都由俄罗斯的“天顶-2SB”火箭所搭载,在发射后不久,福波斯-土壤需要进行一次变轨,结果发动装置却意外发生故障,探测器未能顺利进入预计轨道,本次探测任务宣告失败。中国航天整整四年的努力全部化为泡影。

  火星探测远比月球探测要复杂的多,因为火星与地球之间的距离其实一直在变化,最近的时候仅有5500万公里,而最远的时候却有4亿公里,每26个月可以迎来一次发射的最佳时机,持续时间大约为一个月。在这个最短的距离内,探测器也需要七个月的时间才能到达火星。但是一旦错过这个窗口期,就需要再等26个月。

  如今我们有了大推力火箭,也有了深空测控系统,我们有实力依靠自己把探测器送往火星,中国航天从此不求人!天问一号这次如果失败,中国就得再等26个月,所以我们不能败也绝不会败。火星!我们来啦!

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