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新民調:多國民眾歡迎拜登上台 但對美國失去信心 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

新民調:多國民眾歡迎拜登上台 但對美國失去信心

新民調:多國民眾歡迎拜登上台 但對美國失去信心
2,071

据报道,德国智库弗里德里希-艾伯特基金会近日公布一项针对多国民众的调查结果显示,美国新任总统拜登在世界多地受到欢迎,人们预计他将带领美国在抗击新冠疫情、恐怖主义和气候变化等问题上发挥更大的领导作用。但无论是美国作为一个国家,还是拜登兑现承诺的能力,人们并没有信心。这一民调结果与近日公布的另外两项民调结果相似,显示出特朗普执政造成的破坏,以及拜登面临的挑战。

广受欢迎

据彭博社报道,弗里德里希-艾伯特基金会去年12月委托民调机构舆观展开一项在线调查,在巴西、法国、德国、日本、肯尼亚、印度、印尼、墨西哥、俄罗斯、南非、土耳其各抽取约1000名受访者,询问他们对于拜登执政的看法。当时,拜登的胜选前景已经明朗。

“我们想知道,如果美国政府更迭,如果美国准备好再次发挥领导作用,会有人追随吗?”该基金会纽约办公室执行主任迈克尔·布罗宁(Michael Broening)说。

拜登上台后刺激法案就在眼前- 华尔街日报

当被问及是否支持拜登,以及是否认为他会比前任特朗普更具全球领导力,受访者热情高涨。调查显示人们尤其期待拜登在抗击疫情(40.8%)、应对气候变化(38.6%)、保护价值观(37.8%)等方面发挥更大作用。

值得注意的是,这番热情几乎与2009年的类似调查一样高。当时的背景是,奥巴马接替小布什入主白宫,而后者和特朗普一样,在国际舞台上并不那么受待见。

从地域角度看,调查显示89%的肯尼亚人、73%的德国人、60%以上的法国人、印度人、印尼人、墨西哥人和南非人表示支持拜登。即使是在特朗普任内大力拉拢的国家,比如印度和巴西,人们也欢迎拜登的到来。据悉,只有在俄罗斯,受访者相对而言更不支持此次白宫易主。

信任下降

在近1.2万名受访者中,尽管大多数人对拜登的到来表示欢迎,但他们也有怀疑、失望和悲观。“(人们)对于美国的信任已经消散了很多,”布罗宁说,美国在国际信任方面的得分已经下降,“离山巅上的光辉之城很远。”

此外,当被问及这位美国新总统是否应该,以及能否实现一些具体目标,比如“复活”伊核协议和国际社会应对气候变化的《巴黎协定》时,调查显示人们对拜登能否成功表示怀疑。

拜登上台后,俄罗斯就能获得喘息空间?会比特朗普更阴更狠!_制裁

对比明显

拜登上台之际,多项民调接连出炉,结果大致相似。

欧洲外交关系委员会1月19日发布的一项民调也显示,大多数欧洲人对拜登在去年11月美国大选中获胜感到高兴,但他们同时认为,拜登难以帮助美国重新成为全球领袖。

这项主要针对欧洲民众的调查还显示,欧洲人对美国的态度发生了巨大变化,比如认为美国政治体系已经破碎,不能再依靠华盛顿为盟友提供安全保障,以及认为中国将在十年内成为更强大的全球力量。

皮尤研究中心1月19日公布的一项民调结果也显示,在英国,法国和德国,多数民众对拜登有好感,相信拜登“会在国际事务上做正确的事”,并期待美国的外交政策在其政府领导下会有所改善。在近3000名受访者中,人们也普遍预计拜登会在外交政策、应对气候变化和新冠疫情方面比特朗普做得更好。目前,拜登在这三国接近70%的支持率与特朗普对比明显。去年夏天,特朗普在这三个国家的支持率都不到30%。尽管早期表现不俗,但与在这三国支持率从未低于70%的前总统奥巴马相比,拜登仍有差距。

舆观民调主管约翰·雷(John Ray)说:“过去的民调显示,总统交替确实预示着人们对美国的态度也会发生类似变化。”他指出,在2009年奥巴马就职典礼前后,人们对新总统的信心和对美国的信任都大幅提升。但是,“情况已不再是这样了。”

皮尤研究中心研究主任理查德·维克(Richard Wike)解释说,很多人不喜欢特朗普任内美国的“退群”举动。许多欧洲人觉得,美国在自己和世界之间设置障碍,无论是物质上的(如美墨边境墙),还是管理上的(比如加大移民到美国的难度),受访者认为特朗普“危险、傲慢、不合格”。

在此背景下,拜登已经释放出回归传统多边主义、重建盟友关系、恢复美国信任的信号。据报道,拜登20日宣誓就职后,当晚宣布美国重返《巴黎协定》、停止退出世卫组织等多项行政措施。此外,从其外交团队组成人选也可以看出,拜登计划着手修复美国在海外的形象。

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