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美國生產了全球17%的塑料垃圾,還想運往中國,如今遭中國拒絕 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

美國生產了全球17%的塑料垃圾,還想運往中國,如今遭中國拒絕

美國生產了全球17%的塑料垃圾,還想運往中國,如今遭中國拒絕
2,970

塑料也许是最让人骄傲又令人纠结的发明之一。这些轻便、结实、造价低廉的东西给人类带来了极大的便利,却也制造了几乎同样大的麻烦。

  研究表明,自1950年以来,人类共生产了83亿至90亿吨塑料,这相当于珠穆朗玛峰的4倍体量还多。塑料垃圾的一部分可以焚烧和回收利用,但丢弃和填埋的塑料垃圾不断在环境中增加,预测到2050年达到约120亿吨。

  而全球超过85%的塑料垃圾都来自富裕国家,美国则是全球最大的塑料垃圾生产国,根据在《科学进展》杂志上的一篇研究论文表明,研究人员使用了2016年世界银行报告的关于217个国家或地区垃圾产生情况的数据。新研究证明,2016年,美国产生的塑料垃圾数量居世界各国之首(约4200万吨)。

  尽管2016年美国人口仅占全球人口的4%,但其产生的塑料垃圾却占全球总量的17%。平均而言,美国人均产生的塑料垃圾几乎是欧盟居民的两倍。

  而在之前,研究调查认为,美国对废物管理不善造成的海洋塑料污染排名仅在第20位,之所以会出现这样的情况,是因为美国将塑料垃圾转移到了其他的国家,其中中国承接了美国最多的塑料垃圾。

  美国塑料垃圾生产全球第一

  美国的塑料业非常发达,2016年美国塑料行业的出货量为4044亿美元,用于塑料瓶制造的树脂销售量从2017 年的95亿磅(折合430·9万吨)上升到了2018年的99亿磅(折合449万吨)。得益于塑料业的发达,为美国民众提供了大量的塑料产品。

  美国一年究竟要产生多少垃圾?美国每年要产生全球30%以上的废物,尽管它只占世界人口的4%。仅在2014年,美国就抛出了超过2.58亿吨的“城市固体垃圾”, 这里头,光是塑料垃圾就有3450万吨。而到了2016年,塑料垃圾提高到了4200万吨。

  哥伦比亚大学的一项研究估计,美国人每天每人扔掉7磅(6·35斤)垃圾,也就是说,每年每个美国扔掉的垃圾就大约是2300斤。这是个什么概念?正常人一年吃掉的全部食物,按最多算,也就1800斤,他们扔的比你吃的还重。

  塑料袋是美国塑料垃圾的主要来源之一,早在2008年,美国国人一年要用掉1000亿个塑料袋,而到了2018年,美国每人每天要用掉5个塑料袋,整个美国一年的生活塑料袋数量就用掉超过5800亿个。

  而美国这么多的塑料垃圾,仅有2%—3%(91万—125万吨)是被乱扔或非法倾倒在其国内环境中。大部分都被美国转移到了其他国家。

  中国是最大受害国

  在2019年,《巴塞尔公约》签订之前,废弃塑料出口国家,把塑料运出去之前,可以不经过进口国的批准。

  正是因为如此,发展中国家成为了发达国家的垃圾倾销地,自1992 年有记录以来,中国进口了1.06亿吨瓶罐、塑料袋、包装纸等废弃物,约占这26年间全球垃圾总量的45%,同一时期,全球72%的塑料垃圾都流往中国。

  其中,美国是最大的垃圾倾销国,主要倾销国家就是中国,在2017年,中国就消化了美国一半的出口垃圾。这么多年大量废物的涌入,积累至今已对我国的环境造成了很严重的污染和损害,

  中国开始拒绝美国塑料垃圾

  中国2018年实施“洋垃圾”进口禁令,拒绝进口塑料垃圾,2019年,中国签订了《巴塞尔公约》,公约规定,未来废弃塑料出口国家,把塑料运出去之前,必须得到进口国的批准。

  2020年中国更是宣布,2021年1月1日起,我国将禁止以任何方式进口固体废物,禁止我国境外的固体废物进境倾倒、堆放、处置。

  在中国拒绝接受欧美的塑料垃圾之后,印度、泰国和马来西亚也宣布了禁令,不希望继续当世界塑料垃圾的倾倒地。

  中国对塑料垃圾的拒绝,引起了美国的反对,美国官员在WTO称中国停止接收“洋垃圾”似乎违反了WTO义务,并要求中方取消“洋垃圾”进口禁令。

  当中国对“洋垃圾”关上大门之后,以美国为首的西方发达国家回收的大量废弃物变成了“烫手山芋”。美国不少州的回收垃圾无人问津,被大量堆积在仓库和停车场里,一些回收公司最后不得不选择将其填埋,或者运往地广人稀的美国中部地区。

  如今美国大量垃圾堆积在美国本土,它们除了正苦苦寻找能把垃圾送走的地方,同时还要面临本国昂贵的垃圾处理成本,部分地区甚至因垃圾堆积速度过快,而重新采用填埋的方式。

  总结

  塑料垃圾对生态危害非常严重,鸟和珊瑚等海洋动物因摄入塑料而受到伤害或死亡。据估计,到2050年,将有99%的海鸟误食塑料垃圾

  此外,塑料垃圾不仅会伤害野生动物,还会对人类造成伤害。例如导致人类在饮食中摄入越来越多的微塑料颗粒。荷兰信息分析公司爱思唯尔(Elsevier)2016年的一份研究指出,塑料垃圾燃烧产生的有害物质可能提高心脏病风险,并对神经系统造成损害,甚至还可能致癌。

  美国作为全球最大的塑料垃圾制造国家,应该对全球生态负起责任。

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