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巴西學者向拜登建言:美國勿在拉美對中國說三道四 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

巴西學者向拜登建言:美國勿在拉美對中國說三道四

巴西學者向拜登建言:美國勿在拉美對中國說三道四
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巴西热图利奥·瓦加斯基金会国际关系学副教授奥利弗·施廷克尔11月13日在美国《外交》双月刊网站发表文章称,美国勿在拉美对中国说三道四。全文摘编如下:

特朗普政府对拉美国家采取了咄咄逼人的态度,但事与愿违。两年前,时任美国国家安全顾问的约翰·博尔顿以严厉的制裁和威胁言论对抗委内瑞拉、古巴和尼加拉瓜这三个国家。其结果是所有拉美国家政府联合起来反对美国。

特朗普政府不但未能实现主要目标,其政策还破坏了美国在拉美的更广泛战略,同时加强了中国在该地区的影响力。事实上,美国咄咄逼人的立场使得拉美的决策者争相寻找能制衡华盛顿影响力的伙伴。

在特朗普担任总统期间,中国在拉美的影响力几乎在各个方面都增强了。巴西也许是最突出的例子:尽管总统博索纳罗发表了反华言论,并努力加强与华盛顿的关系,但巴西与美国的贸易已跌至11年来的最低水平,而与中国的贸易却在蓬勃发展。

拉美各国领导人一直密切关注着特朗普一再羞辱博索纳罗的举动,比如出其不意地对巴西产品加征关税。他们得出的教训很简单明了:与华盛顿的伙伴关系带来了巨大的经济和政治风险。他们把目光投向了北京:智利总统谋求使自己的国家成为该地区与中国对话的主要国家,阿根廷则对中国的空间监测站持欢迎态度。尽管美国扬言“经济制裁”,但许多拉美国家很可能仍会采用华为5G设备。

美国当选总统拜登有机会采取更具建设性的态度。要做到这一点,新一届美国政府就必须避免激怒该地区领导人,转而强调共同利益。华盛顿必须消除特朗普政府造成的一种丑陋印象,即认为美国的初衷主要是遏制中国,而不是支持该地区经济发展。

在过去20年里,与中国的贸易对拉美产生了许多积极的经济影响。当美国试图劝诱该地区领导人不要维持与中国的这种关系时,听起来有些居高临下和具有欺骗性。这种干涉只会适得其反。

拜登政府应该指示其大使和官员不要在公开场合谈论中国与拉美的关系。对中国说三道四,这会使华盛顿看起来急于称霸,害怕竞争。

无论在拜登执政下美国外交有多大改善,中国和拉美之间的贸易几乎肯定会继续增长,因此中国将巩固在拉美的一些影响力。与中国的经济关系可能有助于缓解即将到来的拉美最严重的衰退。

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