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美媒分析拜登最關心的8個軍事問題,對中國看法值得注意 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

美媒分析拜登最關心的8個軍事問題,對中國看法值得注意

美媒分析拜登最關心的8個軍事問題,對中國看法值得注意
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 据《防务新闻》网站2020年11月7日报道称,经过5天的计票工作,美国前副总统乔·拜登在2020年美国总统大选中被美国媒体宣布为大选获胜者,将取代唐纳德·特朗普成为新任美国总统。

  以下是拜登选择的一些立场,以及其与特朗普的不同之处。

  拜登当选美国总统会关心八个军事问题

  国防预算:拜登曾表示说,特朗普“在国防开支方面根本不考虑财政问题”,虽然他没有暗示如果自己当选,美国将大幅削减国防开支,但他将面临来自左翼的施压,并要求他缩减国防开支。拜登表示,将以可承受的代价遏制俄罗斯和中国,他将把投资从“不相关的旧系统”转向“针对技术和创新的智能投资,包括在网络、太空、无人系统和人工智能领域的投资”。他还希望增加被忽视的非军事投资,例如“外交,经济实力、教育和科技。”

  军人与军队的关系:拜登的儿子曾在奥巴马政府时期被派往伊拉克战场服役,拜登在竞选中强调国家团结和国际合作。最近几周,他还承诺改善军队和退伍军人的待遇并给予其更多的尊重。他认为特朗普在任期的错误行径,让士兵的流血牺牲没有得到应有的补偿和尊重。

  拜登誓言要从阿富汗和伊拉克撤军

  阿富汗、伊拉克和伊朗政策:拜登誓言要从伊拉克和阿富汗撤兵,只留下部分反恐部队。他的阵营倾向于小规模军事行动(可能由特种作战部队领导),而不是大规模、无限制人数的部队部署,他指出这需要得到美国人民的了解和允许。拜登在担任参议员时曾投票支持伊拉克战争,他在最近的竞选演讲中说,他在奥巴马政府实施从伊拉克撤军15万人中发挥了关键作用。在伊朗问题上,他表示说,他将致力于防止伊朗获得核武器,在保持有针对性的制裁的同时提供一条外交途径,并与以色列密切合作,以确保以色列能够抵御伊朗及其代理人的攻击。

  北约和欧洲政策:拜登及其顾问与特朗普形成了鲜明对比,他们承诺要修复受损的联盟关系。拜登抨击特朗普令美欧关系紧张。他说,下一任总统必须“挽回我们的声誉,重建对我们领导层的信心,并动员我们的国家和盟友迅速应对新的挑战”,拜登承诺他将“立即采取措施,恢复美国的民主和联盟,保护美国的未来经济”。一位高级外交政策助理称,拜登计划在上任后对从德国撤军的事情进行重新评估。

  军备控制:拜登承诺将重新续签《新START》战略武器条约,并可能接受俄罗斯提出的无条件延长5年的提议,受到军控倡导者的青睐。他还表示,如果伊朗恢复到协议中所述的完全遵守状态,他将重新加入伊朗核协议。虽然特朗普放宽了对美军在冲突地区使用地雷的限制,但拜登表示,此举会使无辜平民处于危险之中,他将扭转这一局面。

  世界各国都关注美国核武器计划

  核武器:拜登已暗示将缩减特朗普的核武库建设规模,反对W76-2核弹和潜射巡航导弹(SLCM)等武器建设。拜登将面临来自左翼的压力,要求其放弃建立一支新的洲际核弹道导弹部队的计划,该计划旨在取代1970年部署的“民兵III”洲际弹道导弹部队,不过拜登尚未就此宣布立场。拜登说,他将审查保留优先使用核武器的政策。

  武器销售:虽然拜登还没有就总体武器军售问题表态,但他表示,他将停止向在也门作战的沙特联军的军事支持。在他重新评估美沙关系时,他将停止对沙特的武器销售(一直以来,沙特是美国武器销售的主要合作伙伴)。拜登说:“我们将明确表示,美国再也不会为了购买石油或出售武器而违背自己的准则。”在枪支出口方面,他的竞选团队表示,他可能会推翻特朗普政府将管辖权从国务院转移到商务部的规定。有一件事需要注意,美国向阿联酋出售F-35战机,这是否已经引起了美国国会民主党议员的反对?

  大国竞争:拜登在参议院期间,通过加强商业合作,推动改善与中国的关系。但他现在将中国视为“对美国和亚洲和欧洲盟友的最大战略挑战”,这是他和特朗普达成共识的为数不多的几个领域之一。拜登承诺如果中国试图影响美国公司或公民,将对中国实施“快速经济制裁”。虽然特朗普吹嘘与俄罗斯总统普京关系良好,但如果拜登入主白宫,预计他表现得不同。

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