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大學生畢業後去哪兒了?這份報告告訴你真相 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

大學生畢業後去哪兒了?這份報告告訴你真相

大學生畢業後去哪兒了?這份報告告訴你真相
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在不久前召开的2020中国民营企业500强峰会上,有专家指出,民营经济在稳定增长、促进创新、增加就业、改善民生等方面发挥了重要作用。

作为数量较为庞大的市场主体,民营企业近年来也一直是雇用大学生的主力军。

据麦可思公司跟踪撰写的《2020年中国大学生就业报告》(就业蓝皮书)数据显示,2014~2019届大学毕业生中就有超过半数进入民营企业和个体就业。

中小微民企是吸纳大学毕业生的主要雇主

报告显示,2019届本科和高职毕业生中进入民营企业和个体就业的比例分别为53%和68%,其中,用人单位规模在“50人及以下”的占比最高(本科:32%,高职:44%),其次是“51~300人”(本科:26%,高职:28%)。

在民营企业/个体中就业比例较高的本科学科门类和占比分别为:艺术学70%、农学67%;在民营企业/个体中就业比例较高的高职学科门类和占比分别为:文化艺术大类85%、新闻传播大类83%、财经商贸大类80%、电子信息大类79%。这可能与不同学科专业毕业生未来将进入的职业领域有关。

大学生毕业后去哪儿了?这份报告告诉你真相!
大学生毕业后去哪儿了?这份报告告诉你真相!

民企起薪不高但增长后劲儿足

麦可思数据显示,毕业初期在民企就业月收入虽然相对较低,但随着工作时间增长,薪资能有较大提升,这一特点体现了民企的发展潜力与活力。

2019届本科毕业生在民营企业/个体中的平均月收入为5428元,较在中外合资/外资/独资企业工作的本科生低492元,较国有企业低339元。工作三年后,民营企业/个体薪资涨幅达到97%,其薪资水平(8444元)已超过国有企业(8045元)。

随着时间推移,民企薪资上的竞争力进一步增强。工作五年后,在民营企业/个体就业本科生薪资依然保持高增长,涨幅205%,其薪资(11185元)基本追平中外合资/外资/独资企业(11771元)。

2019届高职毕业生在民营企业/个体中的平均月收入为4223元,较在中外合资/外资/独资工作的高职生低438元,较国有企业低537元。工作三年后,在民营企业/个体就业的高职生薪资涨幅达到84%,其月收入(6540元)基本追平中外合资/外资/独资企业(6629元)。

大学生毕业后去哪儿了?这份报告告诉你真相!
大学生毕业后去哪儿了?这份报告告诉你真相!

过半任职于民企的毕业生满意工作现状

数据显示在民营企业就业的毕业生中近2/3对工作现状表示满意(本科:65%,高职:64%),并且随着工作时间的增长,在民企就业的本科生和高职生满意度均有不同程度的提升。

从2014届本科生毕业半年后及五年后的就业满意度来看,毕业五年后在民营企业/个体工作的本科生就业满意度为71%,较同届半年后(58%)提升13个百分点。

从2016届高职生毕业半年后及三年后的就业满意度来看,毕业三年后在民营企业/个体的就业满意度为65%,较同届半年后(61%)提升4个百分点。

超1/3深造群体毕业后就业于民企

企业的竞争也是人才的竞争。近年来在我国民营企业加快实施转型升级的背景下,其对读研和留学人群也体现出较强的吸纳力与吸引力。

数据显示,2014届本科生中国内读研群体,毕业五年后在民营企业/个体就业比例为33%,与在政府机构/科研或其他事业单位比例(34%)基本持平,较国有企业(24%)高9个百分点。

2014届本科生留学群体中,毕业五年后在民营企业/个体就业比例为40%,较在中外合资/外资/独资就业比例(26%)高14个百分点,较在国有企业就业比例(19%)高21个百分点。

高层次人才的引入无疑将为民营企业创新能力与核心竞争力的进一步提升增强动力。

大学生毕业后去哪儿了?这份报告告诉你真相!

数据说明:

2019届大学生毕业半年后培养质量的跟踪评价,于2020年3月初完成。其中全国本科生样本为12.6万,覆盖了382个本科专业,以及本科毕业生从事的587个职业、325个行业。全国高职生样本为14.8万,覆盖了574个高职专业,以及高职毕业生从事的552个职业、328个行业。

麦可思曾对2016届大学毕业生进行过毕业半年后培养质量的跟踪评价,2019年底对此全国样本进行了三年后的再次跟踪评价,其中全国本科生样本约2.4万,全国高职生样本约3.1万。

麦可思曾对2014届大学毕业生进行过毕业半年后、三年后的跟踪评价,2019年底对此全国样本进行了五年后的第三次跟踪评价,旨在通过更长的时间跨度观察毕业生的发展变化,全国本科生样本约2.9万,全国高职生样本约1.4万。

数据分析:麦可思研究院

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