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最強反艦導彈,還是故弄玄虛—鋯石導彈能否改變海戰格局 – 有海水的地方就有中國人

最強反艦導彈,還是故弄玄虛—鋯石導彈能否改變海戰格局

最強反艦導彈,還是故弄玄虛—鋯石導彈能否改變海戰格局
2,913

10月7日,俄国媒体报道:俄海军戈尔什科夫海军元帅号护卫舰于6日在白海海域发射了“锆石”高超音速导弹,该型导弹在飞行450千米后成功击中位于巴伦支海的目标,导弹最高飞行高度为28000米,飞行持续了4.5分钟,平均飞行速度达5700千米/时,最高速度达9500千米/时(约8马赫)。

戈尔什科夫海军元帅号是22350型护卫舰的首舰,标准排水量4500吨,整体布局紧凑,综合火力强大,去年曾来我国参加海军节阅舰式,大家应该不会陌生。

但这个锆石导弹就比较神秘了,大家只知道锆石导弹由俄罗斯机械制造科研生产联合体研制,射程达1000千米,可用于对抗包括航母在内的水面舰艇,也能打击地面目标,其发射平台包括亚森级核潜艇、彼得大帝号巡洋舰、22350型护卫舰和图160远程轰炸机等。

从2016年起,网上就传出该型导弹开始测试的消息,但一直都是只闻其名,未见其型,俄国也未公布图片。此次发布的视频也比较模糊,理论上是锆石,但也有人猜测这个视频经过拼接,其中部分使用了其他导弹发射的视频资料。

从视频来看,锆石导弹发射时和堡垒-P/布拉莫斯一样都有抛弃整流罩的动作,应该是冲压动力高超音速巡航导弹。这种导弹最经典的是助推段的工作流程:助推器固体火箭发动机点火,导弹垂直起飞,上升到一定高度后调姿发动机两次工作,实现垂直转向,发动机进气口保护罩小发动机点火,保护罩分离,紧随其后助推器加大推力,导弹水平加速,速度达到冲压发动机启动要求时,助推器分离。

堡垒-P岸基反舰导弹系统采用性能成熟的P-800红宝石超音速反舰导弹改进而来。主要特点是2马赫的飞行速度及300千米的有效射程。该型导弹有两种飞行模式:一种是低空飞行模式,飞行高度为9-15米,但最大射程仅120千米;另一种是远程飞行模式,导弹先在14000米高空飞行,接近目标后再将飞行高度降至9到15米,并开启主动制导雷达对目标发动攻击,最大射程300千米。该导弹还被赋予人工智能,能够自行辨别并按重要性对目标进行分类,自主选择高价值目标实施打击。但这种模式需要卡-31R预警直升机提供目标指示。

目前来看,最新的锆石应该比堡垒-P还要先进,但许多细节还有待观察。其实,我们对俄国故弄玄虚的宣传不必紧张,大家还记得鹰击100吗,国产高超音速反舰导弹已经全面赶超俄国。

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